Studi Eksperimen Pengaruh Rasio Massa Hidrogen dengan Biodiesel B-40 terhadap Performa dan Emisi Mesin Diesel Dual-Fuel

Wowiling, Nathaniel Alvanni (2025) Studi Eksperimen Pengaruh Rasio Massa Hidrogen dengan Biodiesel B-40 terhadap Performa dan Emisi Mesin Diesel Dual-Fuel. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara dengan tingkat emisi karbon yang tinggi, sebagian besar disumbangkan oleh sektor energi, khususnya transportasi. Hal ini menjadi tantangan serius bagi Indonesia dalam mencapai target penurunan emisi gas rumah kaca sebesar 29% pada tahun 2030 sesuai dengan komitmen dalam Perjanjian Paris. Dalam menangani tantangan ini, diperlukan alternatif bahan bakar yang lebih ramah lingkungan dengan pembakaran yang lebih efisien serta dapat meningkatkan performa mesin diesel. Hidrogen memiliki potensi besar karena sifat pembakarannya yang bersih dengan hanya menghasilkan uap air sebagai produk samping. Implementasi hidrogen dalam mesin kendaraan memerlukan strategi yang tepat untuk mengelola pembakaran agar efisien dan stabil, terutama pada mesin dual-fuel yang memanfaatkan hidrogen dan bahan bakar konvensional. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh rasio massa hidrogen dengan biodiesel B-40 terhadap performa dan emisi mesin diesel dual-fuel. Dengan putaran mesin 1500 rpm dengan beban 1000 hingga 5000 rpm serta mass flow rate hidrogen 2,5 lpm hingga 15 lpm.
Dengan penambahan hidrogen 2,5 lpm hingga15 lpm pada sistem dual fuel pada mesin diesel yang menggunakan bahan bakar B-40 dan hidrogen, Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) naik seiring bertambahnya laju aliran massa hidrogen. Sedangkan, Brake Power cenderung konstan dimana hanya menurun sedikit seiring bertambahnya laju aliran massa hidrogen. Power Input menurun seiring bertambahnya laju aliran massa hidrogen. Hal ini ditunjukkan pada beban 1000-5000 Watt, tren dari BTE selalu naik seiring bertambahnya laju aliran massa hidrogen dan tren dari BP dan Power Input selalu menurun. Oleh karena itu, penggunaan hidrogen pada laju alir yang rendah hingga sedang memberikan kinerja paling optimal, dengan keseimbangan antara konsumsi energi, daya keluaran, dan efisiensi termal.
Dari sisi emisi, penerapan sistem dual fuel memberikan dampak positif terhadap lingkungan, karena mampu menurunkan emisi gas buang dibandingkan sistem single fuel. Penambahan hidrogen secara signifikan menurunkan emisi karbon monoksida (CO) dan karbon dioksida (CO₂), yang berkaitan erat dengan berkurangnya konsumsi B-40. Selain itu, emisi hidrokarbon (HC) menurun sedangkan emisi nitrogen oksida (NOx) meningkat. Penurunan HC dan peningkatan NOx ini berkaitan dengan penurunan Brake Power seiring bertambahnya hidrogen, karena emisi HC dan NOx sangat bergantung pada output tenaga yang dihasilkan oleh mesin. Dengan demikian, sistem dual fuel tidak hanya mampu meningkatkan efisiensi konsumsi bahan bakar, tetapi juga memberikan kontribusi dalam pengurangan emisi gas buang.
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Indonesia is one of the countries with high carbon emissions, most of which are contributed by the energy sector, particularly transportation. This poses a serious challenge for Indonesia in achieving the target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 29% by 2030, as committed to in the Paris Agreement. To address this challenge, alternative fuels that are more environmentally friendly, with more efficient combustion and capable of improving diesel engine performance, are needed. Hydrogen holds great potential due to its clean combustion properties, with water vapor as the only byproduct. The implementation of hydrogen in vehicle engines requires the right strategy to manage combustion efficiently and stably, especially in dual-fuel engines that utilize hydrogen and conventional fuels. This research aims to determine the effect of hydrogen mass ratio with B-40 biodiesel on the performance and emissions of a dual-fuel diesel engine. Engine speed runs at 1500 rpm were tested with loads ranging from 1000 to 5000 rpm and hydrogen mass flow rates from 2.5 lpm to 15 lpm.
With the addition of hydrogen from 2.5 LPM to 15 LPM in a dual fuel system on a diesel engine using B-40 and hydrogen fuel, the Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) increases as the hydrogen mass flow rate rises. Meanwhile, Brake Power tends to remain constant, with only a slight decrease as the hydrogen mass flow increases. Power Input decreases in line with the increasing hydrogen mass flow rate. This is observed at loads of 1000–5000 Watts, where the trend of BTE consistently rises with increasing hydrogen flow rate, while both Brake Power and Power Input show a decreasing trend. Therefore, the use of hydrogen at low to moderate flow rates provides the most optimal performance, achieving a balance between energy consumption, output power, and thermal efficiency.
From the emissions perspective, the implementation of a dual fuel system has a positive environmental impact, as it reduces exhaust gas emissions compared to a single fuel system. The addition of hydrogen significantly lowers carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, which is closely related to the reduced consumption of B-40. Additionally, hydrocarbon (HC) emissions decrease, while nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions increase. The decrease in HC and increase in NOx are associated with the reduction in Brake Power as hydrogen flow increases, since both HC and NOx emissions are highly dependent on the engine's power output. Thus, the dual fuel system not only improves fuel consumption efficiency but also contributes to the reduction of exhaust gas emissions.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Mesin Diesel Dual-Fuel, B-40, Hidrogen, Performa, Emisi, Dual-Fuel Diesel Engine, B-40, Hydrogen, Performance, Emission
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ324.5 Fuel systems
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Nathaniel Alvanni Wowiling
Date Deposited:	04 Aug 2025 12:28
Last Modified:	04 Aug 2025 12:28
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/124813

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