Studi Eksperimental Pengaruh Variasi Komposisi Serat Pelepah Pisang Terhadap Kekuatan Tarik dan Impak Dari Biokomposit Hasil Proses Cetakan Injeksi

Azziiza, Zahra Izza (2025) Studi Eksperimental Pengaruh Variasi Komposisi Serat Pelepah Pisang Terhadap Kekuatan Tarik dan Impak Dari Biokomposit Hasil Proses Cetakan Injeksi. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Permasalahan lingkungan akibat peningkatan limbah plastik dan limbah organik seperti pelepah pisang mendorong pengembangan material alternatif yang ramah lingkungan, salah satunya adalah biokomposit berbasis serat alam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh variasi komposisi serat pelepah pisang terhadap kekuatan tarik dan impak biokomposit yang dibuat dengan metode injection molding. Serat pelepah pisang yang digunakan telah mengalami perlakuan alkalisasi menggunakan larutan NaOH 5% selama 2 jam, dikeringkan pada suhu 110℃ selama 24 jam, dihaluskan menggunakan blender, dan di ayak menggunakan mesh ukuran 80μm. Bahan matriks yang digunakan adalah polypropylene (pp) dengan penambahan maleic anhydride polypropylene (mapp) sebanyak 5% sebagai agen kopling untuk meningkatkan ikatan antara matriks dan serat.Variasi komposisi yang digunakan adalah 10%, 20%, dan 30% berat serat terhadap polypropylene. Hasil pengujian tarik menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh dari pemberian serat pelepah pisang pada biokomposit dimana semakin besar komposisi serat yang digunakan menyebabkan kekuatan tarik semakin menurun. Biokomposit dengan 10%, 20%, dan 30% serat mengalami penurunan masing-masing menjadi 33,257 N⁄〖mm〗^2 ; 32,840 N⁄〖mm〗^2 ; dan 29,545 N⁄〖mm〗^2 . Hasil pengujian impak menunjukkan bahwa penambahan serat yang digunakan berpengaruh terhadap penurunan nilai kekuatan impak. Nilai kekuatan impak pada biokomposit komposisi serat 30% sebesar 2,018 kJ⁄〖mm〗^2 ; 20% sebesar 1,740 kJ⁄m^2 ; dan 10% sebesar 1,707 kJ⁄m^2 . Hasil pengamatan morfologi menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) menunjukkan bahwa permukaan patahan pada spesimen dengan kandungan serat tinggi memiliki struktur yang lebih kasar dan tidak homogen, dengan indikasi void dan ikatan antar serat yang kurang baik. Adanya celah dan tarikan serat dari matriks memperkuat indikasi bahwa peningkatan persentase serat dapat menurunkan kualitas ikatan matriks-serat pada spesimen uji tarik. Sementara itu, peningkatan serat dapat membantu menyerap energi tumbukan pada spesimen uji impak.Analisis statistik menggunakan Anova dan Regresi menunjukkan bahwa variasi komposisi serat berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penurunan nilai kekuatan tarik dan peningkatan nilai kekuatan impak. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa serat pelepah pisang berpotensi menjadi bahan penguat biokomposit yang aplikatif dan ramah lingkungan, khususnya dalam sektor manufaktur yang membutuhkan material ringan dan tangguh.
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Environmental issues caused by plastic waste and organic waste such as banana stem waste have prompted the development of environmentally friendly alternative materials, one of which is natural fiber-based biocomposites. This study aims to investigate the effect of varying banana stem fiber composition on the tensile and impact strength of biocomposites made using the injection molding method. The banana stem fibers used were alkalized using a 5% NaOH solution for 2 hours, dried at 110°C for 24 hours, ground using a blender, and sieved using an 80µm mesh. The matrix material used was polypropylene (PP) with the addition of 5% maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAPP) as a coupling agent to improve the bond between the matrix and the fiber.The compositions used were 10%, 20%, and 30% by weight of fiber to polypropylene. Tensile test results showed that the addition of banana stem fiber to the biocomposite significantly decreased the tensile strength, with a higher fiber content. Biocomposites with 10%, 20%, and 30% fiber decreased to 33,257 N⁄〖mm〗^2 ; 32,840 N⁄〖mm〗^2 ; and 29,545 N⁄〖mm〗^2 respectively. The impact test results showed that the addition of fibers used had an effect on reducing the impact strength value. The impact strength value of the biocomposite with a fiber composition of 30% was 2,018 kJ⁄〖mm〗^2 ; 20% was 1,740 k J⁄m^2 ; and 10% was 1,707 kJ⁄m^2 . The results of morphological observations using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) showed that the fracture surface of specimens with high fiber content had a rougher and inhomogeneous structure, with indications of voids and poor interfiber bonding. The presence of gaps and fiber pullout from the matrix reinforces the indication that increasing the fiber percentage can reduce the quality of the matrix-fiber bond in tensile test specimens. Meanwhile, increasing fiber content can help absorb impact energy in impact test specimens.Statistical analysis using ANOVA and regression showed that variations in fiber composition significantly reduced tensile strength and increased impact strength. This research demonstrates that banana stem fiber has the potential to be a practical and environmentally friendly reinforcing material for biocomposites, particularly in the manufacturing sector, which requires lightweight and tough materials.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Biokomposit, Serat Pelepah Pisang, NaOH, Injection Molding, Uji Tarik, Uji Impak, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Biocomposite, Banana Stem Fiber, NaOH, Injection Molding, Tensile Test, Impact Test, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).
Subjects:	T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS161 Materials management. T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS176 Manufacturing engineering. Process engineering (Including manufacturing planning, production planning) T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS183 Manufacturing processes. Lean manufacturing.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Zahra Izza Azziiza
Date Deposited:	31 Jul 2025 05:56
Last Modified:	31 Jul 2025 05:56
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/124850

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