Soearen, Sesotya Bagus (2025) Analisis Pengaruh Waktu Ultrasonik Dan Ph Larutan Alkali Pada Netralisasi Ekstraksi Alginat Dari Sargassum sp. Terhadap Hasil Rensemen Dan Karakteristik Produk. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Rumput laut merupakan salah satu sumber utama dalam produksi hidrokoloid, seperti karaginan, agar, dan alginat. Namun demikian, pemanfaatan alginat di Indonesia masih belum optimal jika dibandingkan dengan jenis hidrokoloid lainnya. Salah satu metode yang cukup efektif dalam ekstraksi alginat adalah penambahan proses ultrasonik, karena mampu mempercepat pelepasan senyawa dari matriks sel melalui efek kavitasi. Proses ekstraksi alginat memerlukan pemilihan metode dan parameter proses yang tepat karena berpengaruh langsung terhadap hasil produk akhir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh variasi waktu ultrasonikasi dan pH larutan alkali pada tahap netralisasi terhadap rendemen serta karakteristik sodium alginat yang dihasilkan. Sargassum sp. dipilih sebagai bahan baku karena diketahui memiliki kandungan alginat yang relatif tinggi. Ekstraksi dilakukan menggunakan metode jalur asam yang dikombinasikan dengan perlakuan sonikasi. Variasi perlakuan meliputi waktu ultrasonikasi (90, 120, dan 150 menit) dan pH larutan alkali (10, 11, dan 12) dengan komposisi larutan berupa campuran NaCl 3,5%, amonia 28%, dan KOH. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa rendemen tertinggi (66,7%) diperoleh pada perlakuan pH 11 dan waktu ultrasonikasi 120 menit. Analisis FTIR menunjukkan penurunan intensitas gugus fungsi saat ultrasonikasi yang terlalu lama dan hilangnya beberapa gugus fungsi OH dan karbonil pada pH 12. Peningkatan pH menyebabkan penurunan viskositas, kadar air, dan berat molekul. Waktu ultrasonikasi juga berpengaruh terhadap penurunan berat molekul, meskipun pengaruhnya tidak signifikan. Analisis ¹H-NMR menunjukkan rasio M/G sebesar 2,41, yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan alginat komersial, mengindikasikan dominasi struktur M-blok.
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Seaweed is one of the main sources in the production of hydrocolloids such as carrageenan, agar, and alginate. However, the utilization of alginate in Indonesia remains suboptimal compared to other types of hydrocolloids. One effective method for extracting alginate is the application of ultrasonic treatment, as it accelerates the release of compounds from the cell matrix through cavitation effects. The alginate extraction process requires the selection of appropriate methods and process parameters, as they directly affect the final product. This study aims to evaluate the effects of varying ultrasonic duration and alkali solution pH during the neutralization stage on the yield and characteristics of the resulting sodium alginate. Sargassum sp. was selected as the raw material due to its relatively high alginate content. Extraction was carried out using an acid pathway method combined with sonication. The treatments included ultrasonic durations of 90, 120, and 150 minutes, and pH levels of 10, 11, and 12, using a solution composed of 3.5% NaCl, 28% ammonia, and KOH. The highest yield (66.7%) was obtained at pH 11 and 120 minutes of ultrasonication. FTIR analysis showed decreased functional group intensity with prolonged sonication and the loss of OH and carbonyl groups at pH 12. Increasing pH reduced viscosity, moisture content, and molecular weight. Ultrasonication time also influenced molecular weight reduction, though the effect was not significant. ¹H-NMR analysis showed an M/G ratio of 2.41, higher than that of commercial alginate, indicating a dominance of M-block structures.
Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
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Uncontrolled Keywords: | Alginat, Jalur Asam, pH, Sargassum sp., Ultrasonik Acid Pathway, Alginate, pH, Sargassum sp., Ultrasonic |
Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP1140 Polymers T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP156 Crystallization. Extraction (Chemistry). Fermentation. Distillation. Emulsions. |
Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Material & Metallurgical Engineering > 28201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
Depositing User: | Sesotya Bagus Soearen |
Date Deposited: | 01 Aug 2025 02:07 |
Last Modified: | 01 Aug 2025 02:07 |
URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/124925 |
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