Produksi Microcrystalline/Nanocrystalline Cellulose (MCC/NCC) dari Limbah Kubis Menggunakan High Speed Blender dan Steam Explosion dengan Low Chemical Concentration Treatment

Syafira, Nesha Permata (2025) Produksi Microcrystalline/Nanocrystalline Cellulose (MCC/NCC) dari Limbah Kubis Menggunakan High Speed Blender dan Steam Explosion dengan Low Chemical Concentration Treatment. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Kubis (Brassica oleracea L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas pertanian utama di Indonesia yang menghasilkan limbah organik dalam jumlah besar, khususnya bagian terluar yang tidak dimanfaatkan. Produksi selulosa kristalin dari limbah sayuran memiliki potensi sebagai solusi berkelanjutan untuk mengurangi limbah sekaligus menghasilkan material fungsional yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan metode ekstraksi microcrystalline/nanocrystalline cellulose (MCC/NCC) dari limbah kubis melalui pendekatan ramah lingkungan dengan kombinasi steam explosion, high speed blender, dan perlakuan kimia menggunakan asam oksalat konsentrasi rendah. Proses dilakukan melalui tahapan pre-treatment, delignifikasi, bleaching, steam explosion dengan tekanan nitrogen (50 bar) pada suhu 130–190 °C dan konsentrasi asam oksalat 0–2%, serta dilanjutkan dengan proses high speed blending. Karakterisasi hasil dilakukan melalui analisis FTIR, XRD, SEM, uji warna (CIE LAB), dan analisis komposisi lignoselulosa. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pada suhu perlakuan yang lebih tinggi, khususnya pada 170 °C, dapat meningkatkan kadar serta kristalinitas selulosa. Penambahan gas nitrogen dalam proses steam explosion juga terbukti menurunkan kadar lignin dan hemiselulosa. Kondisi optimum diperoleh pada kombinasi suhu 170 °C dengan gas penekan nitrogen, dan konsentrasi asam oksalat 2%, menghasilkan kadar selulosa sebesar 83,1%, kadar lignin pada 0,1%, dan indeks kristalinitas sebesar 68%. Proses steam explosion yang ditambahkan perlakuan kimia rendah dan tekanan inert terbukti dapat mendegradasi struktur lignoselulosa. Namun, masih belum sepenuhnya memenuhi standar selulosa komersial (Avicel PH-102 dan TAPPI WI 3021).
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Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) is one of the main agricultural commodities in Indonesia and generates a large amount of organic waste, particularly from the unused outer leaves. The production of crystalline cellulose from vegetable waste holds great potential as a sustainable solution to reduce organic waste while producing environmentally friendly functional materials. This study aims to develop an eco-friendly extraction method for microcrystalline/nanocrystalline cellulose (MCC/NCC) from cabbage waste through a combination of steam explosion, high-speed blending, and low-concentration chemical treatment using oxalic acid. The process includes pre-treatment, delignification, bleaching, steam explosion under nitrogen pressure (50 bar) at temperatures of 130–190 °C with oxalic acid concentrations ranging from 0–2%, followed by high-speed blending. The resulting materials were characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM, color analysis (CIE LAB), and lignocellulosic composition analysis. The analysis results showed that higher treatment temperatures, particularly at 170 °C, significantly enhance both the cellulose content and crystallinity. The addition of nitrogen gas in the steam explosion process also proved effective in reducing lignin and hemicellulose content. The optimum conditions were achieved at a combination of 170 °C, pressurized nitrogen gas, and 2% oxalic acid concentration, resulting in a cellulose content of 83.1%, lignin content of 0.1%, and a crystallinity index of 68%. The steam explosion process, when combined with low chemical treatment and inert gas pressure, was shown to effectively degrade lignocellulosic structures. However, the resulting cellulose has not yet fully met commercial standards, such as Avicel PH-102 and TAPPI WI 3021

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Limbah kubis, Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC), Reduce waste, Steam explosion
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD251.2 Chemistry, Organic. Biochemistry Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD320 Cellulose. Hydrolysis Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD79.T38 Thermal analysis
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Nesha Permata Syafira
Date Deposited:	01 Aug 2025 09:31
Last Modified:	01 Aug 2025 09:31
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/125024

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