Albab, Muhammad Fahmi Ulul (2025) Autentikasi Kopi Single Origin Indonesia Berbasis UV Absorbance Spectroscopy dan Analisis Kemometrik. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Kopi merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan Indonesia yang berkontribusi besar terhadap ekspor nasional. Namun, praktik pemalsuan dan pelabelan yang keliru terhadap jenis dan asal geografis kopi menjadi ancaman serius terhadap kualitas dan nilai jual kopi Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengautentikasi kopi single origin Indonesia berbasis UV absorbance spectroscopy dengan analisis puncak spektral dan dikombinasikan dengan analisis kemometrik Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Sampel kopi berasal dari berbagai origin dan varietas, diekstraksi menggunakan air distilasi, dan diukur menggunakan spektrometer UV pada rentang panjang gelombang 200–400 nm. Hasil analisis spektral menunjukkan beberapa puncak panjang gelombang yang mengindikasikan beberapa senyawa utama kopi yang dapat dijadikan perbedaan berdasarkan intensitas absorbansi yang diperoleh. Dan diperkuat dengan hasil analisis kemometrik PCA yang menunjukkan adanya keterkelompokan data yang jelas berdasarkan kopi single origin Indonesia, terutama pada panjang gelombang 240-250 nm (trigonelin), 260–270 nm (kafein), 280-300 nm (asam kafeat), 320–330 nm (asam klorogenat), dan 340–360 nm (melanoidin) sebagai senyawa biomarker pembeda. Loading plot dan scatter plot menunjukkan bahwa senyawa-senyawa tersebut memiliki kontribusi signifikan terhadap komponen utama (PC1, PC2, dan PC3). Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa metode UV absorbance spectroscopy yang dikombinasikan dengan PCA mampu menjadi pendekatan non-destruktif, cepat, dan efektif dalam autentikasi kopi single origin Indonesia.
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Coffee is one of Indonesia's leading commodities, contributing significantly to national exports. However, counterfeiting and mislabeling of coffee types and geographical origins pose a serious threat to the quality and market value of Indonesian coffee. This study aims to authenticate Indonesian single-origin coffee using UV absorbance spectroscopy with spectral peak analysis, combined with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) chemometric analysis. Coffee samples were sourced from various origins and varieties, extracted using distilled water, and measured using a UV spectrometer within the wavelength range of 200–400 nm. The spectral analysis results showed several wavelength peaks indicating key coffee compounds that could be used as differentiators based on the obtained absorbance intensity. This was further supported by the PCA chemometric analysis results, which demonstrated clear data clustering based on Indonesian single-origin coffee, particularly at wavelengths of 240–250 nm (trigonelline), 260–270 nm (caffeine), 280–300 nm (caffeic acid), 320–330 nm (chlorogenic acid), and 340–360 nm (melanoidins) as distinguishing biomarker compounds. Loading plots and scatter plots show that these compounds have a significant contribution to the principal components (PC1, PC2, and PC3). This study demonstrates that the UV absorbance spectroscopy method combined with PCA can serve as a non-destructive, fast, and effective approach for authenticating Indonesian single origin coffee.
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