wildan, Hasan Faizal (2025) Studi Numerik Pengaruh Sistem Proteksi Surge Tank Terhadap Sistem Perpipaan : Studi Kasus Dirumah Pompa Selatan Unit Instalasi Pengolahan Air Mimum (IPAM) Ngagel 1 PT PDAM SURYA SEMBADA SURABAYA. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Fenomena water hammer merupakan salah satu permasalahan serius dalam sistem perpipaan, terutama saat terjadi perubahan aliran mendadak seperti penghentian operasi pompa secara tiba-tiba. Lonjakan tekanan yang terjadi akibat water hammer dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada komponen sistem distribusi air bersih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh sistem proteksi surge tank terhadap fluktuasi tekanan pada instalasi rumah pompa selatan di IPAM Ngagel 1 PT PDAM Surya Sembada Surabaya. Simulasi dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak AFT Impulse 8.0 dengan skenario 3 pompa trip mendadak, dan titik-titik analisis difokuskan pada pipa P10 (discharge forwarding Pump 10), P11 (discharge forwarding Pump 11), P12( discharge forwarding Pump 12), dan P20 inlet (Interconection discharge Pipe 20).
Hasil simulasi tanpa surge tank didapatkan tekanan maksimum pada titik P10 inlet tank tercatat sebesar 10.609 bar pada waktu 1.566 detik. Di titik P11 inlet tercatat mencapai 7,718 bar pada waktu 1,216 detik sedangkan pada P12 inlet lonjakan tekanan mendadak mencapai 9,168 bar diikuti penurunan mendadak mendekati 0 bar. Penggunaan surge tank secara signifikan mampu meredam tekanan lonjakan maupun kevakuman akibat fenomena water hammer, serta mengembalikan sistem ke kondisi stabil dalam waktu kurang dari 2 detik. Pada titik P10 inlet, tekanan maksimum tercatat sebesar 6,298 bar pada detik ke-1,612 dengan tekanan minimum sekitar 4 bar. Di titik P11 inlet, tekanan mencapai 6,054 bar pada detik ke-1,594, sedangkan pada P12 inlet, tercatat lonjakan tekanan tertinggi yaitu 8,578 bar pada detik ke-1,563, Pada waktu t = 1,557 detik. Titik P20 inlet yang merupakan lokasi proteksi utama mencatat tekanan maksimum 7,024 bar pada detik ke-1,585, yang menunjukkan peran penting surge tank dalam menyerap energi tekanan secara langsung di jalur utama.
Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa surge tank terbukti efektif sebagai sistem proteksi utama terhadap water hammer, dengan performa redaman tekanan yang cepat dan konsisten di seluruh titik analisa. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat dijadikan sebagai acuan teknis dalam penerapan sistem proteksi surge tank pada instalasi perpipaan yang memiliki risiko tekanan transien tinggi, khususnya pada sektor pengolahan dan distribusi air bersih.
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The water hammer phenomenon is a serious issue in piping systems, particularly when there is a sudden change in flow, such as an abrupt pump shutdown. The pressure surge caused by water hammer can lead to damage in clean water distribution system components. This study aims to analyze the effect of surge tank protection systems on pressure fluctuations in the southern pump house installation at IPAM Ngagel 1, PT PDAM Surya Sembada Surabaya. The simulation was conducted using AFT Impulse 8.0 software under a scenario of three pumps tripping suddenly, with analysis points focused on pipes P10 (discharge forwarding Pump 10), P11 (discharge forwarding Pump 11), P12 (discharge forwarding Pump 12), and P20 inlet (Interconnection discharge Pipe 20).
The simulation results without a surge tank showed that the maximum pressure at point P10 inlet tank reached 10.609 bar at 1.566 seconds. At point P11 inlet, the pressure reached 7.718 bar at 1.216 seconds, while at point P12 inlet, a sudden pressure surge reached 9.168 bar followed by a sudden drop approaching 0 bar. The use of a surge tank significantly reduced both the pressure surges and vacuum conditions caused by the water hammer phenomenon, and restored the system to stable conditions in less than 2 seconds. At point P10 inlet, the maximum pressure was recorded at 6.298 bar at 1.612 seconds, with a minimum pressure of approximately 4 bar. At point P11 inlet, the pressure reached 6.054 bar at 1.594 seconds, while at point P12 inlet, the highest pressure surge recorded was 8.578 bar at 1.563 seconds. At t = 1.557 seconds, the main protection location, P20 inlet, recorded a maximum pressure of 7.024 bar at 1.585 seconds, indicating the crucial role of the surge tank in directly absorbing pressure energy in the main line.
The conclusion of this study is that the surge tank has proven to be effective as the main protection system against water hammer, with fast and consistent pressure damping performance across all analysis points. The findings of this research are expected to serve as a technical reference for the implementation of surge tank protection systems in piping installations with high transient pressure risks, particularly in water treatment and distribution sectors.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Water Hammer, Surge Tank, AFT Impulse, Tekanan Transien, IPAM Ngagel 1,Water Hammer, Surge Tank, AFT Impulse, Transient Pressure, IPAM Ngagel 1 |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ919 Centrifugal pumps--Design and construction. T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ935 Pipe--Fluid dynamics. Tubes--Fluid dynamics |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Hasan Faizal Wildan |
| Date Deposited: | 31 Jul 2025 09:31 |
| Last Modified: | 31 Jul 2025 09:31 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/125261 |
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