Zulfiani, Utari (2025) Pengembangan Membran High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) untuk Penghilangan Logam Berat dari Air. Doctoral thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Limbah logam berat seperti Ni(II) dan Pb(II) yang dihasilkan dari industri leather tanning, elektroplating, dan fotografi memiliki konsentrasi yang tinggi (50–200 mg/L), jauh melebihi ambang batas PP RI No. 22 (3,5-21 mg/L). Disisi lain, limbah plastik yang terus meningkat hingga 85.0000 ton pertahun menjadi permasalahan lain yang harus diselesaikan. Salah satu jenis plastik yaitu High-Density Polyethyelene (HDPE) memiliki potensi sebagai bahan membran karena sifat termoplastiknya, namun perlu dimodifikasi karena sifatnya yang hidrofobik dan kekuatan mekanik yang terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan performa membran HDPE melalui tiga pendekatan modifikasi terpisah yaitu blending, filler, dan coating menggunakan metode inversi fasa. Blending ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA; 2% (b/b)) dan coating polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mampu meningkatkan fluks air sebesar 120% (15 menjadi 33 L/m²·h), namun rejeksi logam masih rendah (<50%). Penambahan filler komposit karbon-zeolit (KKZ; 0,5% (b/b)) meningkatkan rejeksi logam hingga 80%, meski fluks menurun sebesar 39% (20,9 L/m²·h). menariknya coating polidopamine (PDA) selama 6 jam menghasilkan persentasi peningkatan fluks hingga 333% (65 L/m²·h) dan rejeksi logam 92%. Hasil karakterisasi Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) menunjukkan membran memiliki struktur selular, Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX) dan Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) mengkonfirmasi adanya penambahan gugus fungsi baru (C=O-; C-O; dan Si-O) pada membran modifikasi. Penambahan EVA meningkatkan kuat tarik 29,4% (0,17 menjadi 0,22 Mpa) dan menurunkan sudut kontak 12,4% (105° menjadi 92°), sedangkan KKZ meningkatkan kuat tarik hingga 2,9 Mpa dan menurunkan sudut kontak 25,7% (78°). Sedangkan pelapisan polidopamine, selain menurunkan sudut kontak hingga 0o juga mampu mengecilkan ukuran pori (0,14 µm menjadi 0,08 µm) dan mengubah surface charge (inert menjadi anionic) pada membran yang dibuktikan dengan Porous Material Instrument (PMI) dan zeta potensial. Hasil penelitian secara umum menunjukkan modifikasi pada membran HDPE berhasil dilakukan dan mampu meningkatkan performa membran.
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Heavy metal waste such as Ni(II) and Pb(II), generated by industries like leather tanning, electroplating, and photography, contains high concentrations (50–200 mg/L), far exceeding the permissible limits set by Indonesian Regulation PP No. 22 (3.5–21 mg/L). On the other hand, increasing plastic waste, reaching up to 85,000 tons per year—poses another pressing issue. One type of plastic, High-Density Polyethyelene (HDPE), has potential as a membrane material due to its thermoplastic properties; however, it requires further modification due to its hydrophobic nature and limited mechanical strength. This research aims to improve the performance of HDPE membranes through three separate modification approaches, namely blending, filler, and coating using the phase inversion method. Blending with ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA; 2% (w/w)) and coating with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) increased water flux by 120% (from 15 to 33 L/m²·h), although heavy metal rejection remained low (<50%). The addition of carbon-zeolite composite (KKZ; 0.5% (w/w)) as a filler improved metal rejection up to 80%, despite a 39% decline in flux. Interestingly, PDA coating for 6 hours resulted in a significant 333% increase in flux and a metal rejection rate of 92%. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed a cellular structure, while Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the introduction of new functional groups (C=O, C-O, and Si-O) on the modified membrane surface. EVA addition improved tensile strength by 29.4% and reduced contact angle by 12.4% (from 105° to 92°), while KKZ increased tensile strength up to 2.9 MPa and lowered contact angle by 25.7% (to 78°). PDA coating further reduced the contact angle to 0°, decreased pore size (from 0.14 µm to 0.08 µm), and shifted the surface charge from inert to anionic, as confirmed by Porous Material Instrument (PMI) and zeta potential analysis. Overall, the results demonstrate that HDPE membrane modifications were successfully carried out, leading to significant performance improvements.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doctoral) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Membran Polimer, Plastik HDPE, Logam Berat, Pengolahan Air, Polymeric Membrane, HDPE Plastic, Heavy Metals, Water Treatment |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD63.S4 Separation (Technology) |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Chemistry > 47001-(S3) PhD Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Utari Zulfiani |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Aug 2025 12:32 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Aug 2025 12:32 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/125338 |
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