Adrevi, Emil Nawfal (2025) Pengaruh Komposisi Selulosa Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit dengan Acid Mixture terhadap Sifat Fisikokimia dan Sifat Termal Selulosa Nitrat. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Nitroselulsa atau Selulosa Nitrat (NC) adalah produk turunan biopolimer selulosa yang banyak diaplikasikan. Di Indonesia, Industri nitroselulosa masih terbatas dan sangat bergantung terhadap impor. Kandungan nitroselulosa yang dibutuhkan sesuai dengan military grade C tipe 1 adalah 13,15% ± 0,05. Penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi penambahan rasio komposisi selulosa Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) dengan acid mixture terhadap sifat fisikokimia dan sifat termal nitroselulosa sebagai salah satu bahan penyusun propelan. Sumber selulosa yang digunakan berasal dari TKKS yang diekstrak menggunakan metode delignifikasi dengan NaOH 17,5% kemudian bleaching dengan H2O2 sebanyak 2 kali pengulangan hingga memperoleh Mikroselulosa. Kemudian untuk proses nitrasi digunakan campuran asam nitrat dan asam sulfat dengan perbandingan komposisi (1:2,5) selama 60 menit dengan variasi komposisi selulosa dengan acid mixture yaitu, 1:45, 1:47 dan 1:50. Dari hasil ekstraksi dan proses nitrasi akan dilakukan pengujian untuk meninjau sifat fisik, sifat kimia, dan sifat termal. Pengujian yang dilakukan diantaranya SEM/EDX, XRD, FTIR, kadar α-selulosa, kadar nitrogen, laju pembakaran, DSC, dan TGA/DTG. Dari hasil ekstraksi selulosa mendapatkan keberhasilan dengan hasil uji seperti pada FTIR dengan tidak ditemukan atau berkurangnya puncak-puncak penyusun kandungan non-selulosa seperti C=O dan C-O. Sedangkan pada produk nitroselulosa ditemukan pengaruh penambahan volume acid mixture yang meningkatkan karakteristik termal yang dimiliki sampel nitroselulosa. Dari penelitian ini, selulosa yang bersumber dari limbah TKKS dibuktikan dapat dapat digunakan sebagai pasokan bahan sintesis nitroselulosa yang berpotensi tinggi.
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Nitrocellulose or Cellulose Nitrate (NC) is a cellulose biopolymer derivative product that is widely applied. In Indonesia, the nitrocellulose industry is still limited and highly dependent on imports. The required nitrocellulose content according to military grade C type 1 is 13.15% ± 0.05. The study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of variations in the addition of the composition ratio of cellulose from Empty Palm Fruit Bunches (OPF) with an acid mixture on the physicochemical properties and thermal properties of nitrocellulose as one of the propellant ingredients. The cellulose source used comes from OPF which is extracted using the delignification method with 17.5% NaOH then bleaching with H2O2 for 2 repetitions to obtain Microcellulose. Then for the nitration process, a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used with a composition ratio of (1:2.5) for 60 minutes with variations in the composition of cellulose with an acid mixture, namely, 1:45, 1:47 and 1:50. From the results of the extraction and nitration process, tests will be carried out to review the physical properties, chemical properties, and thermal properties. The tests carried out include SEM/EDX, XRD, FTIR, α-cellulose content, nitrogen content, combustion rate, DSC, and TGA/DTG. From the results of cellulose extraction, it was successful with test results such as FTIR with no or reduced peaks of non-cellulose content such as C=O and C-O. Meanwhile, in nitrocellulose products, the effect of adding acid mixture volume was found to improve the thermal characteristics of nitrocellulose samples. From this study, cellulose sourced from TKKS waste can be used as a supply of high-potential nitrocellulose synthesis materials.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | TKKS, Mikroselulosa, Selulosa Nitrat, Alkali Treatment, Nitrasi, Palm Oil Fruit Bunch, Nitrocellulose, Nitration |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD471 Chemical compounds - Structure and formulas |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology > Material & Metallurgical Engineering > 28201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Emil Nawfal Adrevi |
| Date Deposited: | 26 Jan 2026 03:27 |
| Last Modified: | 26 Jan 2026 03:27 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/125458 |
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