Studi Eksperimental Pengaruh Persentase Kadar Kalsium Karbonat dan Temperatur Peleburan Terhadap Karakteristik Fisik Dan Mekanik Wasted Low Value Plastic Composite Sebagai Aplikasi Kayu Sintetis

Anugerah, Razzaq (2025) Studi Eksperimental Pengaruh Persentase Kadar Kalsium Karbonat dan Temperatur Peleburan Terhadap Karakteristik Fisik Dan Mekanik Wasted Low Value Plastic Composite Sebagai Aplikasi Kayu Sintetis. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Komposit kayu sintetis plastik dikembangkan sebagai solusi pemanfaatan sampah plastik dengan penambahan serbuk kalsium karbonat (CaCO3) sebagai filler untuk meningkatkan sifat mekanik dan digunakan sebagai alternatif pengganti kayu alami. Tantangan utama pembuatan komposit ini terletak pada perbedaan temperatur leleh dan degradasi plastik, yang dapat menghasilkan campuran tidak homogen, serta pengaruh CaCO3 yang jika berlebihan dapat menurunkan sifat mekanik. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi pengaruh variasi temperatur ekstruder (200°C, 250°C, 300°C) dan konsentrasi CaCO3 (10%, 20%, 30%) terhadap sifat fisik dan mekanik komposit kayu sintetis plastik. Sampel dibuat dari plastik bernilai rendah dicampur CaCO3, dilelehkan, dan dicetak untuk diuji karakterisasi fisik (densitas, kadar air, daya serap air, pengembangan tebal) dan mekanik (kompresi dan lentur), serta analisis morfologi menggunakan SEM dan identifikasi gugus fungsi serta fase kristal menggunakan FTIR dan XRD. Hasil menunjukkan peningkatan CaCO3 dan temperatur peleburan meningkatkan densitas, kekuatan tekan, modulus tekan, dan modulus lentur komposit, namun juga menaikkan kadar air, daya serap, dan pengembangan tebal. Kekuatan tekan rata-rata tertinggi dicapai pada 300°C dengan 30% CaCO3 (34,05 MPa), sedangkan kekuatan lentur tertinggi diperoleh pada 200°C dengan 30% CaCO3 (33,995 MPa). Dari segi sifat fisik terbaik dicapai pada 300°C dengan 10% CaCO3, yang memiliki kadar air, daya serap, dan pengembangan tebal terendah serta memenuhi standar SNI 03-2105-96. Untuk sifat mekanik, variasi 250°C dengan 30% CaCO3 direkomendasikan sebagai kondisi optimal karena memberikan mutu terbaik pada hampir semua parameter mekanik yang diuji. Penelitian ini memberikan panduan optimal dalam produksi komposit kayu sintetis plastik berbasis sampah yang efisien dan berkualitas.
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Plastic synthetic wood composites have been developed as a solution to utilize plastic waste by adding calcium carbonate (CaCO3) powder as a filler to enhance mechanical properties, serving as an alternative to natural wood. The main challenges in producing this composite lie in the differing melting and degradation temperatures of plastics, which can result in inhomogeneous mixtures, as well as the effect of CaCO3 which, if excessive, can reduce mechanical properties. This study investigates the influence of extruder temperature variations (200°C, 250°C, 300°C) and CaCO3 concentrations (10%, 20%, 30%) on the physical and mechanical properties of plastic synthetic wood composites. Samples were made from low-value plastic waste mixed with CaCO3, melted, and molded to undergo physical characterization (density, moisture content, water absorption, thickness swelling) and mechanical testing (compression and flexural tests), as well as morphological analysis using SEM and functional group and crystalline phase identification via FTIR and XRD. Results indicate that increasing CaCO3 content and melting temperature tends to increase density, compressive strength, compressive modulus, and flexural modulus, but also raises moisture content, water absorption, and thickness swelling. The highest average compressive strength (34.05 MPa) was achieved at 300°C with 30% CaCO3, while the highest average flexural strength (33.995 MPa) was obtained at 200°C with 30% CaCO3. From a physical property perspective, the best results were at 300°C with 10% CaCO3, exhibiting the lowest moisture content, water absorption, and thickness swelling and meeting the SNI 03-2105-96 standard. Mechanically, the 250°C with 30% CaCO3 variation is recommended as the optimal condition, showing the best quality in almost all mechanical parameters tested. This study provides guidance for the efficient and quality production of plastic synthetic wood composites based on plastic waste.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Kalsium karbonat, Kayu sintetis, Komposit, Karakteristis Fisik, Karakteristik mekanik, Sampah Plastik Multijenis.Low‐value plastic waste, Calcium carbonate, Composite, Mechanical Characteristics, Physicl Characteristics, synthetic wood.
Subjects:	T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA418.16 Materials--Testing. T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA418.9 Composite materials. Laminated materials. T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA434 Inorganic polymers
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Razzaq Satria Anugerah
Date Deposited:	01 Aug 2025 06:36
Last Modified:	01 Aug 2025 06:36
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/125563

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