Aldianto, Mochammad Ridwan Sari (2025) Studi Numerik Pengaruh Elevasi Injeksi dan Sudut Vertikal Burner untuk Co-Firing Biomassa Sawdust Terhadap Karakteristik Pembakaran dan Emisi pada Tangential Fired Pulverized Coal Boiler PLTU Berkapasitas 350 MW. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) berbahan bakar batubara masih menjadi penghasil listrik utama. Namun, emisi karbon yang dihasilkan menimbulkan dampak lingkungan signifikan. Sebagai solusi, metode co-firing dengan biomassa, seperti sawdust diterapkan untuk mengurangi emisi tanpa mengorbankan ketersediaan energi. Penelitian ini berfokus pada pengaruh sudut vertikal dan elevasi burner terhadap karakteristik pembakaran dan emisi pada boiler jenis tangential fired pulverized coal. Penelitian dilakukan dengan memvariasikan elevasi dan sudut vertikal injeksi bahan bakar. Variasi elevasi yang digunakan untuk injeksi campuran bahan bakar yaitu elevasi A, B, dan C. Sedangkan sudut injeksi divariasikan dengan nilai -20o, -10o, 0o, 10o, dan 20o. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa co-firing dengan sawdust, temperatur puncak pembakaran menurun dibandingkan 100% batubara (1151°C), menjadi sekitar 1134°C untuk sawdust elevasi A, 1130°C untuk Elevasi B, dan 1125°C untuk Elevasi C. Penurunan ini disebabkan oleh nilai kalor sawdust yang lebih rendah, kadar karbon yang rendah, dan volatile matter yang lebih tinggi. Sebaliknya, kecepatan flue gas meningkat karena densitas sawdust yang lebih rendah, membuat partikel lebih mudah terbawa aliran gas meninggalkan furnace. Mengenai emisi, fraksi massa CO2 secara umum lebih rendah pada skenario co-firing (0.2167 pada elevasi A) dibandingkan 100% batubara (0.2174), meskipun emisi CO menunjukkan peningkatan akibat pembakaran yang kurang sempurna pada sawdust. Namun, emisi SO2 mengalami penurunan drastis pada semua skenario co-firing sawdust karena kandungan sulfur yang jauh lebih rendah pada biomassa. Pengaturan sudut tilting burner juga memiliki pengaruh terhadap karakteristik pembakaran dalam furnace. Sudut tilting negatif (-10° dan -20°) cenderung mendorong fireball dan zona temperatur tinggi ke bagian bawah furnace, meningkatkan efisiensi boiler, dengan Tilting -20 mencapai efisiensi tertinggi 79.58% dan emisi CO terendah 0.0000015. Sebaliknya, sudut tilting positif (+10° dan +20°) mengangkat fireball ke elevasi lebih atas dan dapat menyebabkan peningkatan emisi CO dan penurunan efisiensi pembakaran. Namun, kadar CO2 yang dihasilkan mengalami penurunan. ========================================================================================================================================
Coal-fired power plants remain the primary source of electricity generation. However, the carbon emissions they produce have a significant environmental impact. As a solution, the co-firing method using biomass, such as sawdust, is applied to reduce emissions without com-promising energy availability. This study focuses on the influence of vertical angle and burner elevation on combustion characteristics and emissions in tangentially fired pulverized coal boilers. The research was conducted by varying the elevation and vertical angle fuel injection. The elevations used for fuel mixture injections are classified as Elevation A, B, and C. Mean-while, the injection angles are varied with values of -20°, -10°, 0°, 10°, and 20°. The expected results of this study aim to demonstrate emission reductions and combustion characteristics that meet the required standards. Simulation results indicate that co-firing with sawdust leads to a decrease in peak combustion temperature compared to 100% coal (1151°C), settling at approximately 1134°C for Sawdust Elevation A, 1130°C for Elevation B, and 1125°C for Elevation C. This reduction is attributed to sawdust's lower calorific value, lower carbon content, and higher volatile matter. Conversely, flue gas velocity increases due to the lower density of sawdust, allowing particles to be more easily entrained by the gas flow out of the furnace. Regarding emissions, the CO2 mass fraction is generally lower in co-firing scenarios (0.2167 at Elevation A) compared to 100% coal (0.2174). However, CO emissions show an increase, likely due to less complete combustion of sawdust. Nevertheless, SO2 emissions drastically decrease across all sawdust co-firing scenarios, owing to the significantly lower sulphur con-tent in biomass. The tilting angle of the burner also influences combustion characteristics with-in the furnace. Negative tilting angles (-10° and -20°) tend to push the fireball and high-temperature zone downwards into the furnace, improving boiler efficiency, with -20° tilting achieving the highest efficiency of 79.58% and the lowest CO emission of 0.0000015. In contrast, positive tilting angles (+10° and +20°) elevate the fireball to a higher position, which can lead to increased CO emissions and reduced combustion efficiency. Despite this, the resulting CO2 concentration decreases with positive tilting angles.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Boiler, Co-Firing, Tilting, Pembakaran, Sawdust, Boiler, Co-Firing, Combustion, Tilting, Sawdust |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ164 Power plants--Design and construction |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Mochammad Ridwan Sari Aldianto |
| Date Deposited: | 01 Aug 2025 04:21 |
| Last Modified: | 01 Aug 2025 04:21 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/125677 |
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