Sintesis Serbuk t-ZrO₂ Melalui Variasi Temperatur Dan Waktu Tahan Serta Pembentukan Keramik Padat Dengan Agen Sinter Bi₂O₃ Dan B₂O₃

Akhmad, Anugrah Rezki (2025) Sintesis Serbuk t-ZrO₂ Melalui Variasi Temperatur Dan Waktu Tahan Serta Pembentukan Keramik Padat Dengan Agen Sinter Bi₂O₃ Dan B₂O₃. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh parameter kalsinasi, sinter, dan penambahan agen sinter (Bi₂O₃ atau B₂O₃) terhadap fasa, struktur permukaan, dan penyusutan keramik zirkonia tetragonal (t-ZrO₂) yang disintesis dari serbuk amorf ZrO₂ dan serbuk t-ZrO₂. Serbuk amorf dikalsinasi pada 700–1000°C (3–12 jam), menghasilkan fasa tetragonal dengan ukuran kristal yang meningkat seiring temperatur dan waktu kalsinasi. Pada jalur serbuk amorf, kalsinasi 700–800°C diikuti sinter 900–1000°C selama 3 jam menghasilkan fasa tetragonal dominan. Penambahan Bi₂O₃ (BiZr) mempertahankan fasa tetragonal dengan penyusutan
volume optimal (60,71% pada K700_S900), sedangkan B₂O₃ (BZr) menunjukkan penyusutan tertinggi (66,16% pada K700_S900) namun disertai fasa monoklinik minor. Pada temperatur sinter 1000°C, kedua agen sinter memicu munculnya fasa monoklinik/zirkon yang menurunkan integritas struktural, ditandai delaminasi dan retakan. Pada jalur serbuk t-ZrO₂, kalsinasi dan sinter 900°C selama 3 jam mempertahankan fasa tetragonal dominan (100%), meskipun penambahan Bi₂O₃
atau B₂O₃ menyebabkan munculnya fasa monoklinik (7,7% pada BiZr; 11,5% pada BZr). Visual permukaan menunjukkan pitting dan retakan akibat ketidaksempurnaan pemadatan. Penyusutan diameter setelah sinter 900°C tercatat seragam (3,85%) untuk semua sampel, menunjukkan agen sinter tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perubahan dimensi. Kondisi optimal diperoleh pada kalsinasi 700°C (3 jam) dan sinter 900°C (3 jam) dengan penambahan 3% Bi₂O₃, menghasilkan keramik t-ZrO₂ stabil, penyusutan volume tinggi, minim cacat permukaan, dan densitas relatif 71,72%. Hasil ini menegaskan bahwa kontrol
temperatur sinter dan pemilihan agen sinter penting untuk mempertahankan fasa tetragonal serta meningkatkan penyusutan optimum keramik zirkonia berbasis pasir lokal.
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This study aimed to analyze the effects of calcination parameters, sintering temperature, and the addition of agen sinters (Bi₂O₃ or B₂O₃) on the phase stability, surface structure, and shrinkage of tetragonal zirconia (t-ZrO₂) ceramics synthesized from amorphous ZrO₂ and t-ZrO ₂ powders. The amorphous powder was calcined at 700–1000°C for 3–12 h, resulting in a stable tetragonal phase with an increase in crystal size with the calcination temperature and time. For the amorphous powder route, calcination at 700–800°C followed by sintering at 900–1000°C for 3 h produced a dominant tetragonal phase. The addition of Bi₂O₃ (BiZr) maintained the tetragonal phase with optimal volume shrinkage (60.71% at K700_S900), whereas B₂O₃ (BZr) showed the highest shrinkage (66.16% at K700_S900) but with a minor monoclinic phase. At 1000°C sintering, both agen sinters induced monoclinic and zirconia phases that reduced structural integrity, as evidenced by delamination and cracking. In the tetragonal powder route, calcination and sintering at 900°C for 3 h retained a dominant tetragonal phase (100%), although Bi₂O₃ or B₂O₃ addition caused monoclinic phase formation (7.7% in BiZr; 11.5% in BZr). Surface visuals showed pitting, debris, and cracks owing to imperfect densification. The diameter shrinkage after sintering at 900 °C was uniform (~3.85%) across all samples, indicating that the agen sinters had no significant effect on the dimensional changes. Optimal conditions were achieved with calcination at 700°C (3 h) and sintering at 900°C (3 h) with 3% Bi₂O₃ addition, producing stable tetragonal ceramics with high volume shrinkage,minimal surface defects, and relative density of 71.72%. These results confirm that controlling the sintering temperature and selecting appropriate agen sinters are critical for maintaining tetragonal phase stability and achieving optimum shrinkage of zirconia ceramics derived from local zircon sand.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	keramik zirkonia tetragonal (t-ZrO₂), B₂O₃, Bi₂O₃, kalsinasi, sinter.Tetragonal zirconia ceramics (t-ZrO₂), B₂O₃, Bi₂O₃, calcination, sintering.
Subjects:	Q Science > QC Physics Q Science > QC Physics > QC100 Crystals. Q Science > QC Physics > QC 611.97.T46 Temperature effects. Including transition temperature
Divisions:	Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Physics > 45101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Anugrah Rezki Akhmad
Date Deposited:	04 Aug 2025 02:36
Last Modified:	04 Aug 2025 02:36
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/125931

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