Marulitua, Pierre Daniel (2025) Analisis Kinerja Stirling Engine Tipe Gamma Sebagai Pembangkit Listrik dengan Memanfaatkan Panas Gas Buang dari Diesel Generator Set. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Kebutuhan tenaga listrik pada kapal umumnya dipenuhi oleh diesel generator set yang mengintegrasikan mesin diesel sebagai penggerak utama dengan alternator. Namun, mesin diesel memiliki efisiensi rendah karena sekitar 40% energi panas yang dihasilkan terbuang sebagai gas buang dengan suhu 350°C hingga 410°C. Selain membuang energi, gas buang ini juga mengandung emisi seperti NOₓ, CO, dan hidrokarbon tidak terbakar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang Stirling Engine tipe gamma sebagai sistem waste heat recovery (WHR) untuk memanfaatkan panas gas buang dari diesel generator set. Energi panas dari gas buang akan digunakan sebagai fluida kerja panas, sementara sea water cooling digunakan sebagai fluida kerja dingin. Siklus termodinamika Stirling engine menghasilkan gerakan mekanik pada flywheel yang akan menggerakkan alternator untuk menghasilkan energi listrik tambahan. Rancangan Stirling engine akan dibuat menggunakan perangkat lunak Autodesk Inventor, sementara simulasi kinerja dilakukan menggunakan software Matlab untuk mengevaluasi daya yang dihasilkan beserta efisiensinya. Hasil simulasi dan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan gas buang dari diesel generator set berhasil dimanfaatkan kembali menjadi pembangkit daya dengan stirling engine dengan ukuran diameter displacer sebesar 150 mm, panjang langkah displacer sebesar 280 mm, diameter power piston sebesar 110 mm, panjang langkah power piston sebesar 230 mm, diameter regenerator sebesar 48 mm dan panjang regenerator sebesar 154 mm. Peningkatan jumlah diesel generator set yang ditandai dengan naiknya nilai koefisien konveksi tidak memengaruhi nilai output daya mekanis yang dihasilkan oleh stirling engine secara signifikan, walaupun ada kenaikan. Daya terbesar yang didapatkan adalah sebesar 6027,4 watt ketika koefisien konveksi mencapai pada nilai 1500 W/m².K. Efisiensi thermal yang dihasilkan oleh stirling engine cenderung bernilai konstan sebesar ± 22% pada tiap variasi nilai koefisien konveksi meskipun terdapat peningkatan output daya pada tiap kenaikan nilai dari koefisien konveksi. Hal tersebut disebabkan akibat masuknya jumlah panas (Q) yang meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya koefisien konveksi pada sistem. Hal ini menyebabkan nilai input daya yang meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya daya output sehingga nilai efisiensi thermal tetap konstan pada tiap kenaikan koefisien konveksi.
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The electrical power demand on ships is generally supplied by diesel generator sets, which integrate a diesel engine as the main driver with an alternator. However, diesel engines have low efficiency, as approximately 40% of the generated heat energy is wasted as exhaust gas at temperatures ranging from 350°C to 410°C. In addition to wasting energy, this exhaust gas also contains emissions such as NOₓ, CO, and unburned hydrocarbons. This study aims to design a gamma-type Stirling Engine as a waste heat recovery (WHR) system to utilize the exhaust gas heat from the diesel generator set. The heat energy from the exhaust gas is used as the hot working fluid, while sea water cooling is used as the cold working fluid. The thermodynamic cycle of the Stirling engine generates mechanical motion on the flywheel, which then drives the alternator to produce additional electrical energy. The Stirling engine design is created using Autodesk Inventor software, while its performance is simulated using MATLAB to evaluate the power output and efficiency. The simulation results show that the utilization of exhaust gas from the diesel generator set can be effectively converted into power using a Stirling engine with a displacer diameter of 150 mm, displacer stroke of 280 mm, power piston diameter of 110 mm, power piston stroke of 230 mm, regenerator diameter of 48 mm, and regenerator length of 154 mm. The increase in the number of diesel generator sets, marked by the rise in convection coefficient values, does not significantly affect the mechanical power output produced by the Stirling engine, although there is a slight increase. The highest power obtained was 6,027.4 watts when the convection coefficient reached a value of 1,500 W/m²·K. The thermal efficiency generated by the Stirling engine tends to remain constant at approximately ±22% for each variation in the convection coefficient value, despite the increase in power output with each rise in the convection coefficient. This occurs because the amount of heat input (Q) increases along with the convection coefficient in the system. As a result, the input power rises in line with the increase in output power, keeping the thermal efficiency constant with each increase in the convection coefficient.
Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
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Uncontrolled Keywords: | Diesel Generator, Gas Buang, Sea water Cooling, Stirling Engine, Diesel Generator, Exhaust Gas, Sea water Cooling, Stirling Engine |
Subjects: | T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ165 Energy storage. T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ263 Heat exchangers V Naval Science > VM Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering > VM731 Marine Engines |
Divisions: | Faculty of Marine Technology (MARTECH) > Marine Engineering > 36202-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
Depositing User: | Pierre Daniel Marulitua |
Date Deposited: | 04 Aug 2025 08:17 |
Last Modified: | 04 Aug 2025 08:17 |
URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/125960 |
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