Formulasi Strategi Peningkatan Kapasitas Psikososial Dalam Mendorong Pemulihan Masyarakat Terdampak Erupsi Gunung Semeru

Vera, Shinta Novia (2025) Formulasi Strategi Peningkatan Kapasitas Psikososial Dalam Mendorong Pemulihan Masyarakat Terdampak Erupsi Gunung Semeru. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Bencana alam merupakan ancaman serius yang menekan sistem sosial, fungsi keluarga dan sumber daya masyarakat dengan konsekuensi sosial dan psikologis jangka panjang. Pemulihan psikososial pasca bencana sangat penting dalam menangani kondisi psikologis dan sosial masyarakat terdampak melalui penguatan kapasitas psikososial dan kapasitas masyarakat. Bencana erupsi Gunung Semeru pada Desember 2021 telah menimbulkan kerugian meluas dan menimbulkan kesedihan mendalam akibat kehilangan kerabat, shock, hingga trauma berujung pada gangguan mental dan gangguan psikososial. Guncangan tersebut menyebabkan sulitnya masyarakat untuk pulih secara psikososial. Hal tersebut disebabkan oleh kurang optimalnya kapasitas masyarakat dalam menanggulangi bencana karena keterbatasan akses pada sumber daya, distribusi bantuan bersifat sementara, minimnya dukungan psikososial, kurangnya program pemberdayaan sosio-ekonomi pasca bencana. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan strategi peningkatan kapasitas psikososial masyarakat untuk mendukung pemulihan psikososial pada masyarakat terdampak erupsi Semeru di Desa Supiturang dan Desa Sumberwuluh, Kabupaten Lumajang.
Penelitian in dimulai dengan menilai kapasitas psikososial masyarakat melalui analisis statistik deskriptif dengan hasil nilai kapasitas psikososial masyarakat sebesar 0,542 yang tergolong pada kelas kapasitas psikososial sedang. Hubungan kedekatan dengan tetangga dan dukungan keluarga menjadi variabel dengan kontribusi tertinggi. Sebaliknya, variabel program penyembuhan trauma, pengalaman keterpaparan bencana, pengetahuan terhadap risiko erupsi, layanan pendidikan kebencanaan, serta self-efficacy dan collective-efficacy menunjukkan kontribusi yang rendah terhadap penguatan kapasitas psikososial masyarakat. Melalui wawancara mendalam bersama narasumber dan hasil analisis konten, diperoleh hambatan utama dalam pengimplementasian variabel pembentuk kapasitas psikososial antara lain adalah kurangnya koordinasi antar pihak pemberi dukungan kebencanaan, ketidakefektifan edukasi kebencanaan dan minimnya program penyembuhan trauma yang berkelanjutan yang diperparah oleh tingginya pengalaman traumatis akibat erupsi. Berdasarkan hambatan dan permasalahan yang ada, penelitian ini menghasilkan formulasi strategi peningkatan kapasitas psikososial masyarakat terdampak erupsi Gunung Semeru antara lain: (1) Peningkatan koordinasi dan sinkronisasi data antar instansi (pemerintah dan swasta) dalam penanggulangan bencana erupsi; (2) Optimalisasi layanan pendidikan kebencanaan secara partisipatif untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat terhadap manajemen bencana erupsi; (3) Peningkatan layanan kesehatan dasar dan penanganan psikologis untuk pemulihan kondisi psikososial masyarakat terdampak erupsi serta peningkatan kesiapsiagaan psikologis masyarakat dalam menghadapi erupsi; (4) Pemulihan ekonomi pasca erupsi melalui pemberdayaan masyarakat dan pengembangan sumber daya ekonomi lokal dan (5) Reaktulisasi kearifan lokal untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat terkait manajemen bencana erupsi berbasis local knowledge.
Secara akademis, penelitian ini bermanfaat untuk mengembangkan literatur terkait keilmuan manajemen penanggulangan bencana melalui intervensi psikososial. Secara praktis, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan masukan kepada Pemerintah Kabupaten Lumajang mengenai strategi peningkatan kemampuan psikososial masyarakat terdampak.
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Natural disasters cause a serious threat to social systems, family functions, and community resources, leading into a long-term social and psychological consequences as a result. Psychosocial recovery following a disaster is urgently executed through strengthening both psychosocial and community capacities. The psychosocial recovery is covering for both psychological and social conditions of the affected communities. The eruption of Mount Semeru in December 2021 had caused widespread damage and intense grief due to the loss of loved ones, psychological shock, and trauma, which in many cases lead to mental health and psychosocial disorders. Those disruptions made psychosocial recovery particularly challenging for the victims. This difficulty is largely contributed by the limited capacity of the people to manage the after-effect of disasters, restricted access to resources, temporary aid distribution, insufficient psychosocial support, and a lack of post-disaster socio-economic empowerment programs. This study aims to formulate strategies to enhance the psychosocial capacity of communities to support recovery efforts in Supiturang and Sumberwuluh Villages, Lumajang Regency, which were impacted by the Semeru eruption. The research begins with assessing community psychosocial capacity through descriptive statistical analysis, yielding a score of 0.542, categorized as moderate. Variables such as neighbor bonding and family supports contributed to psychosocial capacity significantly. In contrast, variables including trauma healing programs, disaster exposure experience, knowledge of eruption risks, disaster education services, self-efficacy, and collective efficacy showed low contributions to capacity strengthening.
In-depth interviews and content analysis revealed key barriers of the implementation for psychosocial capacity-building, including poor coordination among disaster support providers, are ineffective disaster education, and lack of sustainable trauma healing programs, exacerbated by the high levels of traumatic experiences caused by the eruption. Based on those challenges, this study proposes the following strategies to enhance psychosocial capacity in affected communities: (1) Enhancing coordination and data synchronization among institutions (both government and private) on disaster response to volcanic eruptions;; (2) Optimizing participatory disaster education services to improve public knowledge of volcanic eruption disaster management; (3) Improving basic health services and psychological support to aid the psychosocial recovery of communities affected by eruptions, as well as reinforcing community psychological precaution on facing future eruptions; (4) Post-eruption economic recovery through community empowerment along with the development of local economic resources; and (5) Reactualizing local wisdom to enhance community knowledge of volcanic eruption disaster management based on local knowledge.
Academically, this research contributes to the development of literature in disaster management through psychosocial interventions. Practically, is expected to provide valuable input to the Lumajang Regency Government regarding strategies to enhance the psychosocial resilience of disaster-affected communities.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Erupsi, Kapasitas Psikososial, Manajemen, Masyarakat Terdampak, Pemulihan, Penanggulangan Bencana, Affected Communities, Disaster Management, Eruption, Management, Recovery, Psychosocial Capacity.
Subjects:	B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology H Social Sciences > H Social Sciences (General) > H61.4 Forecasting in the social sciences H Social Sciences > HT Communities. Classes. Races > HT166 City Planning--Environmental aspects H Social Sciences > HV Social pathology. Social and public welfare > HV551.5.I4 Hazard mitigation
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Regional & Urban Planning > 35101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Shinta Novia Vera
Date Deposited:	05 Aug 2025 01:55
Last Modified:	05 Aug 2025 01:55
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/126033

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