Astira, Dinia (2025) Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Komposit Fe3O4/Zeolit-NaY sebagai Filler dalam Mixed Matrix Membrane berbasis PVDF untuk Mengurangi Kadar Polutan Organik. Doctoral thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Pencemaran air oleh polutan organik yang berasal dari berbagai aktivitas industri masih menjadi permasalahan serius bagi lingkungan dan kesehatan manusia. Teknologi pemisahan berbasis membran dan proses Fenton, yang termasuk dalam Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP), telah terbukti efektif dalam mengeliminasi senyawa organik yang persisten. Dalam disertasi ini, dikembangkan Mixed Matrix Membrane (MMM) yang mengkombinasikan kedua pendekatan tersebut, sehingga mampu melakukan pemisahan fisik dan degradasi kimiawi secara simultan dengan kinerja yang tinggi. Kombinasi baru antara Fe3O4 dengan support zeolit-NaY sebagai inisiator reaksi Fenton disintesis melalui metode kopresipitasi dan hidrotermal dengan variasi rasio antara prekursor besi dan zeolit-NaY. Khusus pada metode kopresipitasi, digunakan dua jenis pelarut berbeda, yakni aquadest dan HCl, untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh media terhadap karakteristik komposit. Komposit yang dihasilkan selanjutnya diaplikasikan sebagai filler dalam membran berbasis PVDF yang difabrikasi menggunakan metode Non-Solvent Induced Phase Separation (NIPS). Dalam proses fabrikasi ini, dilakukan variasi terhadap tahapan pembuatan larutan dope serta posisi dan durasi aplikasi medan magnet eksternal. Penerapan medan magnet saat pencetakan bertujuan untuk mengarahkan distribusi filler mendekati permukaan membran, sehingga dapat meningkatkan interaksi langsung antara komposit dan polutan serta mengurangi kemungkinan terjadinya leaching. Selain itu, juga dilakukan optimasi terhadap jumlah filler yang ditambahkan dalam proses pembuatan membran campuran (MMM) guna memperoleh kinerja pemisahan dan degradasi yang paling baik. Keberhasilan sintesis komposit telah dikonfirmasi oleh karakterisasi XRD, FTIR, dan XPS, adapun SEM, TEM, dan PSA menunjukkan ukuran partikel 350-450 nm dan morfologi yang lebih seragam dibandingkan metode hidrotermal. Komposit menunjukkan performa degradasi yang tinggi terhadap ranitidin-HCl (97,46% dalam 2 jam) dan malasit hijau (99,9% dalam 1 jam). Secara keseluruhan, penambahan komposit filler terbukti mampu memperbaiki karakteristik dan kinerja membran. Modifikasi ini tidak hanya meningkatkan hidrofilisitas (91,83° menjadi 74,65°) tetapi juga memperbaiki sifat mekanik membran. Adapun pengujian kinerja menunjukkan bahwa MMM mampu menghilangkan MB hingga 98% selama 30 menit dengan nilai fluks 40 LMH (mengalami peningkatan 6 kali lipat dari PVDF murni).
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Water pollution caused by organic pollutants from various industrial activities remains a serious concern for both the environment and human health. Membranebased separation technologies and the Fenton process, which is part of the Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP), have been proven effective in eliminating persistent organic compounds. In this dissertation, a Mixed Matrix Membrane (MMM) was developed by integrating both approaches, enabling simultaneous physical separation and chemical degradation of pollutants with high performance. A novel combination of Fe3O4 with zeolite-NaY as a Fenton reaction initiator was synthesized using co-precipitation and hydrothermal methods with variations in the precursor-to-zeolite-NaY ratio. In the co-precipitation method, two different solvents (distilled water and HCl) were used to evaluate the effect of the reaction medium on the resulting composite characteristics. The synthesized composite was then applied as a filler in PVDF-based membranes fabricated via the Non-Solvent Induced Phase Separation (NIPS) method. During membrane fabrication, variations were introduced in the dope solution preparation stages as well as the position and duration of external magnetic field application. The magnetic field was applied during casting to direct the filler distribution toward the membrane surface, thereby enhancing direct interaction between the composite and pollutants while minimizing potential leaching. In addition, optimization of filler loading was carried out to determine the most effective formulation for the mixed matrix membrane (MMM) in terms of pollutant separation and degradation performance. The successful synthesis of the composite by coprecipitation method was confirmed by XRD, FTIR, and XPS characterizations, while SEM, TEM, and PSA analyses revealed particle sizes in the range of 350–450 nm and a more uniform morphology compared to the hydrothermal method. The composite demonstrated high degradation performance, achieving 97.46% removal of Ranitidine-HCl within 2 hours and 99.9% removal of Malachite Green within 1 hour. Overall, the addition of composite fillers has been proven to improve the characteristics and performance of the membrane. This modification not only enhances hydrophilicity (from 91.83° viii to 74.65°) but also improves the membrane’s mechanical properties. Performance testing showed that the mixed matrix membrane (MMM) was able to remove methylene blue (MB) by up to 98% within 30 minutes, with a flux of 40 L/m2 ·h- an increase of sixfold compared to the pristine PVDF membrane.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doctoral) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Mixed matrix membrane, Fe3O4, Zeolite-NaY, Fenton-like, PVDF |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD501 Catalysis. Catalysts. Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD63.S4 Separation (Technology) |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Chemistry > 47001-(S3) PhD Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Dinia Astira |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Aug 2025 12:25 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Aug 2025 12:25 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/126135 |
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