Studi Perbandingan Komunitas Kupu-Kupu (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) pada Tipe Habitat Berbeda di Taman Kehati Jombang

Widyarti, Anggun (2025) Studi Perbandingan Komunitas Kupu-Kupu (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) pada Tipe Habitat Berbeda di Taman Kehati Jombang. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Taman Kehati Jombang sebagai kawasan konservasi memiliki variasi struktur dan komposisi vegetasi akibat perbedaan pengelolaan dan pengkayaan. Cluster 1 merupakan area yang dilakukan pengelolaan dan pengkayaan sejak tahun 2011 sehingga memiliki struktur vegetasi yang tertutup dan terkelola serta memiliki jumlah spesies, kelimpahan individu, dan presentase tutupan vegetasi tertinggi, Cluster 2 dilakukan pengelolaan sejak tahun 2020 sehingga memiliki struktur vegetasi terbuka dengan kelimpahan semai yang tinggi dan presentase tutupan vegetasi terendah, Cluster 3 belum dilakukan pengelolaan dan pengkayaan serta memiliki struktur vegetasi semi terbuka dengan jumlah spesies maupun kelimpahan individu vegetasi terendah namun dengan presentase tutupan kanopi yang sedang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan membandingkan keanekaragaman dan kesamaan komunitas kupu-kupu pada tiap cluster dengan struktur vegetasi yang berbeda. Metode pengambilan data yang digunakan adalah survei langsung di lapangan pada tiap cluster. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa perbandingan komunitas kupu-kupu ditinjau dari jumlah spesies dan kelimpahan individu, Cluster 1 memiliki kekayaan spesies dan jumlah individu tertinggi, yaitu 71 spesies dengan 490 individu, diikuti oleh Cluster 2 dengan 66 spesies dan 442 individu, serta Cluster 3 dengan 58 spesies dan 390 individu. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa struktur vegetasi tertutup di Cluster 1 lebih mendukung komunitas kupu-kupu dari segi kekayaan dan kelimpahan. Dari sisi keanekaragaman, nilai indeks Shannon-Wiener (H') tertinggi juga ditemukan di Cluster 1 sebesar 3,82, disusul Cluster 2 sebesar 3,81, dan terendah di Cluster 3 sebesar 3,59. Sementara indeks dominansi Simpson (D) terendah berada di Cluster 2 (0,028) yang menandakan tidak adanya spesies yang sangat dominan, sedangkan nilai tertinggi pada Cluster 3 (0,039). Nilai kemerataan (E) tertinggi juga dimiliki Cluster 2 yaitu 0,903, menunjukkan distribusi individu yang lebih merata dibandingkan dua cluster lainnya. Spesies yang mendominasi di seluruh cluster yaitu itu Ypthima horsfieldii yang ditemukan sebanyak 42 individu di Cluster 1, sebanyak 21 di Cluster 2, dan ditemukan sebanyak 37 individu di Cluster 3. Ditinjau dari kesamaan komunitas berdasarkan indeks Morisita-Horn, pasangan Cluster 2 dan Cluster 3 memiliki nilai kesamaan tertinggi sebesar 0,874, mengindikasikan bahwa kedua cluster tersebut memiliki struktur komunitas kupu-kupu yang paling mirip dari segi jumlah spesies dan kelimpahan individu.
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Taman Kehati Jombang as a conservation area, exhibits variation in vegetation structure and composition due to differences in management and enrichment practices. Cluster 1 is an area that has been managed and enriched since 2011, resulting in a well-maintained and closed vegetation structure, with the highest number of species, individual abundance, and vegetation cover percentage, Cluster 2 has been managed since 2020 and is characterized by an open vegetation structure, high seedling abundance, and the lowest vegetation cover percentage, Cluster 3 has not undergone management or enrichment efforts and features a semi-open vegetation structure, with the lowest number of species and individual abundance, but with a moderate canopy cover percentage. This study aims to analyze and compare butterfly diversity and community similarity across the three clusters, each representing distinct vegetative structures. Field surveys were conducted to collect primary data on butterfly species and their abundance. The results indicate that Cluster 1 harbors the greatest species richness and abundance, with 71 species and 490 individuals, followed by Cluster 2 (66 species, 442 individuals), and Cluster 3 (58 species, 390 individuals). These findings suggest that the closed vegetation in Cluster 1 provides more favorable conditions for butterfly communities in terms of species richness and individual abundance. In terms of diversity, the highest Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') was also recorded in Cluster 1 at 3.82, followed by Cluster 2 at 3.81, and the lowest in Cluster 3 at 3.59. Meanwhile, the lowest Simpson dominance index (D) was found in Cluster 2 (0.028), indicating the absence of a single highly dominant species, while the highest was observed in Cluster 3 (0.039). The highest Evenness value (E) was also recorded in Cluster 2 at 0.903, reflecting a more even distribution of individuals among species compared to the other two clusters. The dominant species across all clusters was Ypthima horsfieldii, with 42 individuals found in Cluster 1, 21 individuals in Cluster 2, and 37 individuals in Cluster 3. In terms of community similarity based on the Morisita-Horn index, the pair of Cluster 2 and Cluster 3 exhibited the highest similarity value at 0.874, indicating that these two clusters shared the most similar butterfly community structure in terms of species composition and individual abundance.

Item Type: Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords: Kupu-Kupu, Taman Kehati Jombang, Tipe Habitat, Vegetasi
Subjects: Q Science > QH Biology
Q Science > QH Biology > QH301 Biology
Q Science > QH Biology > QH541 Ecology
Divisions: Faculty of Mathematics and Science > Biology > 46201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User: Anggun Widyarti
Date Deposited: 01 Aug 2025 08:33
Last Modified: 01 Aug 2025 08:33
URI: http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/126177

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