Juniasih, Octarina Adiati (2025) Synthesis and Characterization of PLA/PCL Composite Filaments Reinforced with MCC and NCC for FDM-Based 4D Printing Toward Hand Orthosis Application for Cerebral Palsy. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
4D printing has gained significant attention for its ability to produce adaptive and programmable structures capable of responding to external stimuli over time. By introducing the dimension of time into conventional 3D printing, this emerging technology opens new possibilities for biomedical applications, particularly in the development of adaptive hand orthoses for Cerebral Palsy (CP). This study investigated the synthesis and characterization of PLA/PCL composite filaments reinforced with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)-based 4D printing, with a specific focus on hand orthosis applications.
This research aimed to addresses the limitations of conventional orthotic devices such as rigidity and poor adaptability by developing PLA/PCL composite filaments with enhanced strength, elasticity, and tunable shape memory fostering their potential for 4D orthosis applications. The study resulted in six variations of 3D filaments, produced with different parameter combinations using three blend ratios (70:30, 80:20, 90:10), each reinforced with 1 wt% MCC or NCC, synthesized through dry mixing method, and extruded using a single-screw extruder. The performence of 3D filaments and their 3D-printed parts were characterized for diameter uniformity, FTIR, DSC, tensile testing, 3D printing dimensional accuracy, density, and shape memory behavior. The shape recovery of 3D-printed specimens was evaluated at 55°C, 60°C, and 70°C, while cyclic testing at 60°C to assessed thermal stability and repeatability of the printed material.
The results revealed that increasing PLA content improved diameter uniformity and tensile strength of the filament, with PLA90/PCL10-MCC achieving the most stable extrusion (1.73 mm, CV 0.99%) and highest tensile strength (39.64 MPa). Shape memory activation of the 3D printed parts at 55–70 °C demonstrated excellent fixity in PLA90/PCL10-MCC (Rf = 99.1%), while PLA90/PCL10-NCC exhibited superior recovery (Rr = 0.90) and consistent performance under cyclic testing. These findings highlight the potential of tailored PLA/PCL-cellulose composites in developing flexible, responsive 4D-printed devices for medical applications.
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Teknologi 4D printing semakin menarik perhatian karena kemampuannya dalam menghasilkan struktur adaptif dan dapat diprogram yang mampu merespons rangsangan eksternal seiring waktu. Dengan menambahkan dimensi waktu ke dalam proses pencetakan 3D konvensional, teknologi ini membuka peluang baru dalam bidang biomedis, khususnya dalam pengembangan ortosis tangan bagi penderita Cerebral Palsy (CP). Penelitian ini mengkaji sintesis dan karakterisasi filamen komposit berbasis PLA/PCL yang diperkuat dengan mikrokristalin selulosa (MCC) dan nanokristalin selulosa (NCC) untuk keperluan 4D printing berbasis Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), dengan fokuspada aplikasi ortosis tangan.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengatasi keterbatasan perangkat ortosis konvensional, seperti sifat kaku dan adaptabilitas yang rendah, dengan mengembangkan filamen komposit PLA/PCL yang memiliki kekuatan, elastisitas, dan memori bentuk yang dapat diatur, sehingga berpotensi digunakan untuk aplikasi ortosis 4D. Enam variasi filamen 3D dibuat dari tiga rasio campuran (70:30, 80:20, 90:10), masing‑masing diperkuat dengan 1 wt% MCC atau NCC, melalui metode dry-mixing dan diekstrusi menggunakan single-screw ekstruder. Kinerja filamen 3D dan 3D cetaknya dikarakterisasi berdasarkan keseragaman diameter, FTIR, DSC, uji tarik, akurasi dimensi cetak 3D, densitas, dan perilaku memori bentuk. Shape recovery dievaluasi pada suhu 55°C, 60°C, dan 70°C, sedangkan memory cycle testing pada 60°C menilai kestabilan dan keterulangan termal.
Hasil menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan kandungan PLA meningkatkan uniformitas diameter dan kekuatan tarik, dengan komposisi PLA90/PCL10-MCC menunjukkan ekstrusi paling stabil (diameter 1,73 mm, CV 0,99%) dan kekuatan tarik tertinggi (39,64 MPa). Aktivasi memori bentuk pada rentang suhu 55–70°C menunjukkan nilai fixity yang sangat baik pada PLA90/PCL10-MCC (Rf = 99,1%), sementara PLA90/PCL10-NCC menunjukkan performa recovery terbaik (Rr = 0,90) serta konsistensi tinggi pada pengujian siklik. Temuan ini menegaskan potensi komposit PLA/PCL yang disesuaikan dengan penguatan selulosa dalam pengembangan perangkat medis cetak 4D yang fleksibel dan responsif.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | 4D printing, hand orthosis, shape memory, adaptive structure, FDM, Celebral Palsy, 4D printing, ortosis tangan, memori bentuk, struktur adaptif, FDM, Cerebral Palsy. |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA418.16 Materials--Testing. T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA418.9 Composite materials. Laminated materials. T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA433 Strength of materials. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology > Mechanical Engineering > 21101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Octarina Adiati Juniasih |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Aug 2025 02:36 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Aug 2025 02:36 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/126560 |
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