Pengaruh Persentase Andalusit Dan Packing Density Pada Alumina Refractory Brick Untuk Lining Rotary Kiln

Pratama, Febriansyah Sukma (2025) Pengaruh Persentase Andalusit Dan Packing Density Pada Alumina Refractory Brick Untuk Lining Rotary Kiln. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Rotary kiln dalam industri semen adalah alat utama yang digunakan dalam proses pembakaran bahan baku untuk menghasilkan semen. Refraktori pada rotary kiln berfungsi sebagai pelindung kiln shell dari suhu tinggi, korosi, dan penetrasi zat alkali Salah satu jenis refraktori yang digunakan pada rotary kiln semen adalah tipe alkaline aluminosilicate refraktori. Komposisi formulasi aluminosilicate refraktori sangat berpengaruh terhadap sifat fisik, kimia, dan mekanik refraktori yang dihasilkan. Andalusit merupakan salah satu bahan tambahan yang banyak digunakan pada alkaline aluminosilicate refraktori karena kemampuannya untuk menahan ekspansi saat pemanasan sehingga meningkatkan stabilitas dimensi dan kemampuan thermal shock dari refraktori tersebut. Selain formulasi bahan refraktori, kondisi packing density yang optimal juga akan meningkatkan kekuatan mekanik, menurunkan porositas, dan meningkatkan ketahanan terhadap serangan alkali.
Dalam penelitian ini, variasi formulasi berupa persentase andalusit sebesar 6, 7, 8 wt% yang dipilih karena pada rentang tersebut pembentukan mullite terjadi secara maksimal tanpa adanya ekspansi berlebih. Pengaruh packing density partikel atau agregat penyusun berupa divariasikan melalui modulus distribusi agregat (q) sebesar q = 0,18, q = 0,22, dan q= 0,26 sesuai dengan model Modified Andersen and Andreassen (MAA). Sampel refraktori yang dihasilkan diuji bulk density (ASTM C134), cold crushing strength (ASTM C133-95), modulus of rupture (ASTM C133) dan permanent linear change (ASTM C113). Selain itu, karakterisasi kimia melalui XRD dan morfologi melalui SEM juga dilakukan.
Hasil penelitian menunjukan sampel dengan persentase Andalusit 8 wt% dan modulus distribusi q = 0.26 (An8.26) menghasilkan sifat-sifat paling optimal pada penelitian ini dengan nilai bulk density 2,205 g/cm3, cold crushing strength 69,786 MPa, modulus of rupture 10,615 MPa, dan permanent linear change 0,249%. Hasil XRD menunjukkan pembentukan mullite, sillimanite dan cristobalite. Dari pengamatan SEM diperoleh informasi bahwa terdapat crack akibat laminasi yang terbentuk selama proses sintering dan terbentuknya void pada partikel yang telah mengalami sintering akibat packing density yang belum optimal.
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In the cement industry, the rotary kiln is the primary tool used in the process of burning raw materials to produce cement. Refractories in rotary kilns function as protectors of the kiln shell from high temperatures, corrosion, and penetration of alkali substances. One type of refractory used in cement rotary kilns is the alkaline aluminosilicate refractory type. The composition of the aluminosilicate refractory formulation greatly influences the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of the resulting refractory. Andalusite is one of the additives widely used in alkaline aluminosilicate refractories due to its ability to resist expansion during heating, thereby enhancing the dimensional stability and thermal shock resistance of the refractory. In addition to the refractory material formulation, optimal packing density conditions will also increase mechanical strength, reduce porosity, and increase resistance to alkali attack.
In this study, variations in the formulation, in the form of andalusite percentages at 6, 7, and 8 wt%, were chosen because this range maximally promotes the formation of mullite without excessive expansion. The effect of particle packing density or constituent aggregates was varied through the aggregate distribution modulus (q) of q = 0.18, q = 0.22, and q = 0.26 according to the Modified Andersen and Andreassen (MAA) model. The resulting refractory samples were tested for bulk density (ASTM C134), cold crushing strength (ASTM C133-95), modulus of rupture (ASTM C133), and permanent linear change (ASTM C113). Additionally, chemical characterization was performed using XRD, and morphology was examined using SEM.
The results showed that the sample with an Andalusite percentage of 8 wt% and distribution modulus q = 0.26 (An8.26) produced the most optimal properties in this study with a bulk density of 2.205 g/cm3, cold crushing strength of 69.786 MPa, modulus of rupture of 10.615 MPa, and permanent linear change of 0.249%. XRD results showed the formation of mullite, sillimanite, and cristobalite. From SEM observations, it was determined that cracks formed due to lamination during the sintering process, and voids in particles that had undergone sintering, resulting from a less-than-optimal packing density.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Refraktori, andalusit, aluminosilikat, rotary kiln, packing density, Refractory, andalusite, aluminosilicate, rotary kiln, packing density
Subjects:	T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA418.16 Materials--Testing. T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA433 Strength of materials. T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS161 Materials management. T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS205 Metals--Heat treatment.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Febriansyah Sukma Pratama
Date Deposited:	04 Aug 2025 07:28
Last Modified:	04 Aug 2025 07:28
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/126652

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