Pengaruh Variasi Temperatur Kalsinasi Terhadap Performa Elektrokimia Katoda Komposit Na₂MnPO₄F/C-rGO Melalui Metode Pencampuran Padat

Cahyani, Devina Mayda Arista (2025) Pengaruh Variasi Temperatur Kalsinasi Terhadap Performa Elektrokimia Katoda Komposit Na₂MnPO₄F/C-rGO Melalui Metode Pencampuran Padat. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Kebutuhan akan sistem penyimpanan energi yang efisien dan berkelanjutan semakin mendesak seiring meningkatnya permintaan energi global. Baterai ion natrium menjadi alternatif menjanjikan terhadap baterai ion litium karena ketersediaan bahan baku yang lebih melimpah dan biaya yang lebih rendah. Namun, rendahnya kapasitas spesifik dan konduktivitas pada material katoda masih menjadi tantangan utama. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh variasi suhu kalsinasi terhadap struktur kristal, morfologi, dan performa elektrokimia material katoda Na₂MnPO₄F/C yang dilapisi glukosa dan reduced graphene oxide (rGO), dengan metode pencampuran padat dan proses kalsinasi pada suhu 500°C, 600°C, dan 700°C. Karakterisasi dilakukan melalui XRD, SEM-EDX, dan FTIR untuk menilai struktur dan komposisi, serta pengujian elektrokimia menggunakan Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) dan Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa suhu 600°C memberikan performa terbaik dengan kapasitas spesifik tertinggi (8.8 × 10⁻1 F/g), densitas energi maksimum (9.89 Wh/kg), desnitas daya ( 123.28 W/kg) serta resistansi transfer muatan (Rct) terendah (95.1 Ω) dan difusivitas ion Na⁺ tertinggi (1.51×10-15 cm²/s). Suhu ini menghasilkan struktur mikro yang homogen dan distribusi karbon yang merata, dengan deviasi unsur paling kecil (45,45%).Namun demikian, seluruh nilai kapasitas dan energi spesifik yang diperoleh masih berada pada tingkat yang sangat rendah untuk aplikasi baterai natrium-ion secara praktis. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan optimasi lanjutan pada tahap sintesis dan distribusi karbon untuk mencapai kinerja yang kompetitif secara komersial.
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The demand for efficient and sustainable energy storage systems is becoming increasingly urgent in line with the rising global energy demand. Sodium-ion batteries have emerged as a promising alternative to litium-ion batteries due to their more abundant raw material availability and lower production costs. However, the low specific capacity and conductivity of cathode materials remain major challenges. This study aims to investigate the effect of calcination temperature variation on the crystal structure, morphology, and electrochemical performance of Na₂MnPO₄F/C cathode materials coated with glucose and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), synthesized via solid-state mixing and calcination at 500°C, 600°C, and 700°C. Characterizations were conducted using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to evaluate structural and compositional properties, along with electrochemical tests including Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The results show that a calcination temperature of 600°C yields the best performance, achieving the highest specific capacitance (8.8 × 10⁻¹ F/g), maximum energy density (9.89 Wh/kg), power density (123.28 W/kg), the lowest charge transfer resistance (Rct) of 95.1 Ω, and the highest Na⁺ ion diffusivity (1.51×10-15 cm²/s). This temperature also produces a homogeneous microstructure and a more uniform carbon distribution, with the lowest elemental deviation (45.45%). Nevertheless, the obtained values of specific capacity and energy density remain considerably low for practical sodium-ion battery applications. Therefore, further optimization in the synthesis process and carbon distribution is required to achieve commercially competitive performance.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Na₂MnPO₄F/C-rGO, Baterai Ion Natrium, Suhu Kalsinasi, Performa Elektrokimia, Na₂MnPO₄F/C-rGO, Calcination Temperature, Electrochemical Performance, Sodium-Ion Battery.
Subjects:	Q Science > QC Physics Q Science > QC Physics > QC173.4.C63 Composite materials Q Science > QC Physics > QC610.3 Electric conductivity Q Science > QC Physics > QC 611.97.T46 Temperature effects. Including transition temperature
Divisions:	Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Physics > 45201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Devina Mayda Arista Cahyani
Date Deposited:	04 Aug 2025 07:48
Last Modified:	04 Aug 2025 07:48
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/126927

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