Fasade Biotik Untuk Kenyamanan Visual Gedung Kantor Di Iklim Tropis Lembab

Kristanto, Luciana (2025) Fasade Biotik Untuk Kenyamanan Visual Gedung Kantor Di Iklim Tropis Lembab. Doctoral thesis, INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER.

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Abstract

Pada perkantoran bertingkat di iklim tropis lembab, fasade kaca dengan tujuan memaksimalkan cahaya alami, kerap berakibat kesilauan akibat luminansi tinggi dari terang langit. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan strategi penangkal silau yang mampu mereduksi luminansi tanpa mengorbankan kecukupan pencahayaan alami dan kualitas visual ruang. Dari penelitian sebelumnya, view alam natural terbukti lebih disukai serta dapat mengurangi silau dan memberi efek relaksasi yang diperlukan pengguna bangunan perkantoran; yang tidak didapat pada penangkal silau artifisial. Selain itu tanaman dengan kemampuan solar-tracker alaminya memiliki potensi menurunkan luminansi dengan kerimbunan dan sebaran daunnya. Untuk mengetahui bagaimana tanaman dapat dikelola guna peningkatan kenyamanan visual, maka penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji fasade tanaman sebagai penangkal silau alami dengan pendekatan geometri tanaman dan mekanisme penanamannya. Penelitian ini memberikan kebaharuan bagi disain fasade kaca pada arsitektur dalam konteks pencahayaan dan kenyamanan visual. Penelitian dilakukan dengan eksperimen menggunakan jenis tanaman terpilih, Vernonia elliptica. Eksperimen I menganalisis pengaruh geometri tanaman (kerimbunan dan sebaran) terhadap iluminansi dan luminansi pada model maket fasade kaca. Hasilnya ialah trend faktor pembayangan dan indeks luminansi dari berbagai varian. Eksperimen II menguji implementasi fasade biotik dalam ruang nyata yang dikondisikan terhadap parameter kenyamanan visual, yaitu Daylight Factor (DF), Daylight Glare Index (DGI), Glare Sensation Vote (GSV), serta Interest Value (IV). Varian dengan kerimbunan sedang (LAI+/-1,5) mampu menurunkan luminansi hingga 56,1%, menghasilkan DGI 21,67, dan DF 6,2%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa fasade biotik dapat memberikan keseimbangan optimal antara pengurangan silau, kecukupan cahaya dan kualitas view alami. Peran fasade biotik tidak terbatas pada geometri secara fisik tetapi juga oleh kualitas estetik yang dihadirkan dari view alami. Kontribusi teoritis ialah pemodelan aspek fasade biotik guna kenyamanan visual dan psikologis. Teori ini berkontribusi memperluas cakupan sistem shading dari yang sebelumnya terbatas pada elemen artifisial menjadi sistem biologis adaptif berbasis geometri tanaman. Kontribusi praktis ialah mekanisme penentuan LAI fasade biotik berdasar DGI/kesilauan awal dan parameter geometri tanaman.
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The use of glass facades in multi-story office buildings located in tropical climates aims to maximize natural light, but it often results in glare due to high luminance from the bright sky. Therefore, shading devices are needed that can
reduce luminance without compromising the adequacy of natural lighting and visual quality of space. From previous research, it has been found that natural views are more preferred, capable of reducing glare, and providing a relaxing effect necessary for office building users; benefits not found in artificial shading devices. Additionally, plants with natural sun-tracking abilities have the potential to reduce luminance through their foliage density and distribution. To understand how plants can be managed to enhance visual comfort, this study aims to examine biotic facades as natural shading devices through the approach of plant geometry and planting mechanisms. This study presents innovation in the design of glass facades in architecture within the context of lighting and visual comfort. The research was conducted through experiments using a selected plant species, Vernonia elliptica. Experiment I analyzed the influence of plant geometry (density and distribution) on illuminance and luminance on a glass facade model. The results revealed trends in shading factors and luminance indices across various variants. Experiment II tested the implementation of biotic facades in real spaces conditioned to visual comfort parameters, namely Daylight Factor (DF), Daylight Glare Index (DGI), Glare Sensation Vote (GSV), and Interest Value (IV). The variant with moderate density (LAI +/- 1,5) is capable to reduce luminance by up to 56,1%, achieving a DGI of 21,67 and a DF of 6,2%. It can be concluded that biotic façades can provide an optimal balance between glare reduction, adequate lighting, and the quality of natural views. The role of biotic façades is not limited to their physical geometry but also extends to their aesthetic qualities, including interest value and restorative value derived from the natural views they present. The theoretical contribution is the modeling of biotic façade aspects for visual and psychological comfort. This theory expands the scope of shading systems, which were previously limited to artificial elements, into adaptive biological systems based on plant geometry. The practical contribution is the mechanisms for determining plant density (LAI) based on initial glare conditions (DGI) and plant geometry parameters.

Item Type:	Thesis (Doctoral)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	fasade biotik, kenyamanan visual, daylight glare index, leaf area index, pencahayaan alami, bangunan perkantoran tropis
Subjects:	N Fine Arts > NA Architecture
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Architecture > 23001-(S3) PhD Thesis
Depositing User:	Luciana Kristanto
Date Deposited:	05 Aug 2025 07:43
Last Modified:	05 Aug 2025 07:43
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/126995

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