Pengembangan Material Elektroda Superkapasitor Berbasis Karbon Berpori dari Limbah Biomassa Kulit Kedelai: Studi Pengaruh Rasio KOH

Rahmadyanti, Dylia (2025) Pengembangan Material Elektroda Superkapasitor Berbasis Karbon Berpori dari Limbah Biomassa Kulit Kedelai: Studi Pengaruh Rasio KOH. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Kebergantungan terhadap bahan bakar fosil telah menyebabkan berbagai masalah lingkungan, sehingga mendorong transisi ke sumber energi bersih terbarukan dengan target net zero emission di tahun 2060. Meskipun demikian,sumber energi bersih berbasis surya, angin, dan air seringkali menghadapi permasalahan intermitensi daya. Salah satu piranti penyimpanan energi yang perlu dikembangkan adalah superkapasitor yang memiliki karakteristik kepadatan daya yang tinggi, kemampuan penyimpanan muatan yang cepat, dapat menyimpan energi yang lebih banyak, serta memiliki umur pakai yang lama. Bahan utama pembuatan elektroda superkapasitor adalah karbon aktif. Pada penelitian ini, sumber karbon aktif berasal dari limbah biomassa kulit kedelai yang dikonversi menjadi karbon berpori melalui karbonisasi pada suhu 500 oC dengan laju pemanasan 3 oC/menit selama 2 jam dengan dialiri gas nitrogen. Setelah itu dilakukan aktivasi kimia dengan reagen kimia KOH dan dilakukan aktivasi fisika melalui proses pemanasan dari suhu kamar ke 800 oC dengan laju pemanasan 5 oC/menit dan waktu tahan 2 jam. Seluruh proses pemanasan dilakukan dalam atmosfer gas nitrogen. Dari hasil pengujian SEM-EDX diperoleh kandungan karbon tertinggi dari KDAC-K3 yaitu sebesar 86,51%, diikuti oleh KDAC-K5 sebesar 82,74%, dan KDAC-K1 sebesar 77,33%. Dari hasil pengujian BET diperoleh bahwa KDAC-K3 memiliki diameter pori-pori dan luas permukaan spesifik terbesar yaitu 2,2 nm dan 2445 m2/g sehingga menandakan bahwa material memiliki struktur mesopori yang dominan. Serta dari pengujian elektrokimia diperoleh nilai kapasitansi spesifik terbesar adalah elektroda KDAC-K1 yaitu sebesar 1664,6 F.g-1.
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Dependence on fossil fuels has caused various environmental problems, prompting a transition to clean renewable energy sources with a net zero emission target by 2060. However, clean energy sources based on solar, wind and water often face power intermittency problems. One of the energy storage devices that needs to be developed is a supercapacitor that has high power density characteristics, fast charge storage capability, can store more energy, and has a long service life. The main material for making supercapacitor electrodes is carbon because it has a large surface area and has a mesoporous hierarchical structure. This porous structure allows fast ion transportation for supercapacitor performance. In this study, the source of activated carbon comes from soybean hull waste. Soybean hull waste is converted into porous carbon through carbonization at 500 oC with a heating rate of 3 oC/min for 2 hours with nitrogen gas flowing. After that, chemical activation was carried out with KOH chemical reagents and physical activation was carried out through a heating process from room temperature to the temperature was raised to 800 oC with a heating rate of 5 oC/minute and a holding time of 2 hours. The entire heating process was carried out in a nitrogen gas atmosphere. From the SEM-EDX test results, the highest carbon content was obtained from KDAC-K3, which was 86.51%, followed by KDAC-K5 at 82.74%, and KDAC-K1 at 77.33%. From the BET testing results, it was found that KDAC-K3 had the largest pore diameter and specific surface area, at 2.2 nm and 2445 m²/g, indicating that the material has a dominant mesoporous structure. Additionally, from the electrochemical testing, the highest specific capacitance value was obtained from the KDAC-K1 electrode, at 1664.6 F.g-1.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Aktivasi, Elektroda, Karbon, Biomassa kulit kedelai, Superkapasitor. Activation, Electrode, Carbon, Soybean Hull, Supercapacitor.
Subjects:	Q Science > QC Physics > QC162 Adsorption and absorption Q Science > QC Physics > QC173.4.C63 Composite materials
Divisions:	Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Physics > 45101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Dylia Rahmadyanti
Date Deposited:	05 Aug 2025 11:53
Last Modified:	05 Aug 2025 11:53
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/127073

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