Analisa Numerik Co-Firing Amonia Dan Biomassa Limbah Padat Kelapa Sawit Dengan Batubara Pada Boiler Pulverized Coal

Saputra, I Nyoman Agus Adi (2025) Analisa Numerik Co-Firing Amonia Dan Biomassa Limbah Padat Kelapa Sawit Dengan Batubara Pada Boiler Pulverized Coal. Doctoral thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Co-firing bahan bakar biomassa terbarukan dan bahan bakar bebas karbon dengan batu bara peringkat rendah Low-Rank Coal dalam boiler batu bara pulverized merupakan strategi menjanjikan untuk menghasilkan energi yang lebih bersih. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi co-firing dua jenis bahan bakar berkelanjutan-dari limbah kelapa sawit empty fruit bunch dan amonia-guna mengkaji pengaruhnya terhadap karakteristik pembakaran dan emisi pada pembangkit listrik tenaga uap (PLTU) skala besar melalui simulasi Computational Fluid Dynamics. Pada Co-firing EFB, simulasi dilakukan pada boiler batu bara pulverized berkapasitas 315 MWe dengan variasi rasio co-firing sebesar 5%, 15%, dan 25% basis energy. Menggunakan pendekatan RANS yang dikombinasikan dengan pemodelan Species Transport dan Discrete Phase Model, Injeksi dari Burner A memberikan reduksi emisi CO₂ sebesar 12% dan NOₓ sebesar 18% yang lebih baik. Co-firing amonia dilakukan pada unit PLTU Pangkalan Susu berkapasitas 210 MWe dengan rasio input termal sebesar 5% dan 15%. dilakukan menggunakan DPM. Penambahan amonia menurunkan temperatur pembakaran akibat peningkatan kandungan uap air, yang menyebabkan kerugian kelembapan dan penurunan efisiensi. Namun demikian, pengurangan emisi yang signifikan berhasil dicapai. Pada injeksi 15% amonia melalui Burner B, yang menghasilkan fraksi massa CO₂ terendah sebesar 0,171 atau setara 13,79% dan NOₓ sebesar 8,81 × 10⁻⁴ atau setara 10,96% di outlet boiler. Korelasi antara cofiring ammonia dan EFB, Ammonia lebih efektif untuk menurunkan emisi CO2 untuk Ammonia 15% CO2 sebesar 13,79% dibandingkan dengan EFB sebesar 15% yang hanya menurunkan CO2 sebesar 0.81% dengan basis energy yang sama. Sedangkan emisi NOx pada EFB 15% terjadi penurunan sebesar 4,23% dari 100% LRC, dari 15% Ammonia terjadi penurunan 10,96% dari 100% LRC. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa EFB dan amonia memiliki keunggulan yang saling melengkapi sebagai bahan bakar co-firing untuk menurunkan emisi. Temuan ini memberikan wawasan teknis penting dalam optimalisasi strategi co-firing untuk mendukung upaya dekarbonisasi dan integrasi bahan bakar terbarukan pada PLTU berbahan bakar batu bara.
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Co-firing renewable biomass and carbon-free fuels with low-rank coal in pulverized coal boilers is a promising strategy to produce cleaner energy. This study evaluates the co-firing of two types of sustainable fuels-oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) and ammonia-to assess their effects on combustion characteristics and emissions in a large-scale steam power plant (PLTU) through Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations. For EFB co-firing, simulations were conducted on a 315 MWe pulverized coal boiler with co-firing ratios of 5%, 15%, and 25% energy basis. Using the RANS approach combined with Species Transport and Discrete Phase Model modeling, Injection from Burner A provided better CO₂ emission reduction by 12% and NOₓ by 18%. Ammonia co-firing was carried out on a 210 MWe Pangkalan Susu power plant unit with thermal input ratios of 5% and 15%, using DPM. The addition of ammonia decreased the combustion temperature due to an increase in water vapor content, which led to moisture losses and a decrease in efficiency. However, significant emission reductions were achieved. At 15% ammonia injection through Burner B, which resulted in the lowest CO₂ mass fraction of 0.171 or 13.79% equivalent and NOₓ of 8.81 × 10-⁴ or 10.96% equivalent at the boiler outlet. The correlation between cofiring ammonia and EFB, Ammonia is more effective in reducing CO2 emissions for Ammonia 15% CO2 by 13.79% compared to EFB by 15% which only reduces CO2 by 0.81% on the same energy basis. While NOx emissions at 15% EFB decreased by 4.23% from 100% LRC, from 15% Ammonia there was a decrease of 10.96% from 100% LRC. This study shows that EFB and ammonia have complementary advantages as co-firing fuels to reduce emissions. The findings provide important technical insights in the optimization of co-firing strategies to support decarbonization efforts and renewable fuel integration in coal-fired power plants.

Item Type:	Thesis (Doctoral)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Numerik, Co-firing, Amonia, Biomassa, Pulverized Coal Boiler, CFD; Numerical, Co-firing, Biomassa, Pulverized Coal Boiler, CFD
Subjects:	T Technology > T Technology (General) T Technology > T Technology (General) > T57.62 Simulation T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA357 Computational fluid dynamics. Fluid Mechanics
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21001-(S3) PhD Thesis
Depositing User:	I Nyoman Agus Adi Saputra
Date Deposited:	05 Aug 2025 09:28
Last Modified:	11 Aug 2025 04:07
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/127339

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