Implementasi Buck Converter Sebagai Pengisian Daya Baterai Valve Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA) Pada Rangkaian Generator Berbasis Flywheel Menggunakan Constant Current Constant Voltage (CC-CV)

Balqis, Salsabila (2025) Implementasi Buck Converter Sebagai Pengisian Daya Baterai Valve Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA) Pada Rangkaian Generator Berbasis Flywheel Menggunakan Constant Current Constant Voltage (CC-CV). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Kebutuhan akan sistem penyimpanan energi listrik yang efisien, aman dan andal terus meningkat, dengan baterai Valve Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA) menjadi pilihan populer karena keandalannya. Pengisian daya baterai yang berkualitas sangat memengaruhi umur dan performa baterai, sehingga diperlukan sistem charge yang mampu mengisi daya dengan cepat serta menjaga kebutuhan sel baterai dan mencegah overcharging. Sumber daya listrik yang stabil diperlukan untuk pengisian optimal. Permanent Magnet Generator (PMG) dapat dimanfaatkan, tetapi tegangan generator masih perlu disearahkan menggunakan rectifier. Namun, tegangan output rectifier sebesar 53,5V DC dari PMG masih terlalu tinggi dibandingkan standar pengisian baterai VRLA 12V (13,5 hingga 13,8V). Oleh karena itu, diperlukan rangkaian penurun tegangan step-down yang efisien seperti buck converter. Proyek akhir ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan merealisasikan sistem buck converter yang mampu menurunkan tegangan sesuai kebutuhan pengisian daya baterai VRLA 12V. Metode Constant Current-Constant Voltage (CC-CV) digunakan untuk mengatur tegangan dan arus pengisian secara stabil. Sistem ini menggunakan mikrokontroler Arduino Uno untuk mengendalikan buck converter. pengendali buck converter didukung oleh kendali Proportional Integral (PI) yang bertujuan untuk memperpanjang umur (lifetime) baterai. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa arus meningkat cepat dan mencapai setpoint 1A dalam waktu 1 jam dari pukul 02.30 sampai 03.30, arus stabil pada kisaran 0,89-0,91A selama 1,5 jam dari pukul 03.30 hingga 05.00 dan arus mulai menurun dari pukul 05.30 hingga 09.00 berlangsung 3,5 jam. Selain itu, tegangan meningkat dari 11,02V hingga mencapai setpoint 13,8V dalam waktu 4 jam, dan tegangan stabil di 13,8V selama 2,5 jam. Kesalahan pembacaan sensor tegangan rata-rata sebesar 0,36% sedangkan sensor arus 3,44%. Sistem kontrol PI berhasil mengurangi fluktuasi tegangan dan arus dengan nilai Kp 0,32 dan Ki 10, sehingga mengurangi resiko overcharge dan overdischrge. Implementasi metode CC-CV efektif dalam memperpanjang umur baterai dengan menjaga parameter pengisian dalam batas yang ideal.
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The need for efficient, safe, and reliable electrical energy storage systems continues to grow, with Valve Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA) batteries being a popular choice due to their reliability. High-quality battery charging significantly impacts the battery's lifespan and performance, requiring a charging system capable of fast charging while meeting cell requirements and preventing overcharging. A stable power source is essential for optimal charging. A Permanent Magnet Generator (PMG) can be utilized; however, its output voltage must first be rectified. The rectifier output of 53.5V DC from the PMG remains too high compared to the standard VRLA 12V battery charging voltage (13.5 to 13.8V). Therefore, an efficient step-down voltage converter such as a buck converter is required. This final project aims to design and implement a buck converter system capable of reducing the voltage to meet the charging requirements of a 12V VRLA battery. The Constant Current–Constant Voltage (CC-CV) method is used to regulate the charging voltage and current stably. The system uses an Arduino Uno microcontroller to control the buck converter, supported by a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller to extend the battery's lifespan. Test results show that the current rises quickly and reaches the 1A setpoint within 1 hour (from 02:30 to 03:30), remains stable in the range of 0.89–0.91A for 1.5 hours (03:30 to 05:00), and then gradually decreases from 05:30 to 09:00 over 3.5 hours. Additionally, the voltage increases from 11.02V to reach the 13.8V setpoint within 4 hours and remains stable at 13.8V for 2.5 hours. The average sensor reading error is 0.36% for voltage and 3.44% for current. The PI control system, with parameters Kp = 0.32 and Ki = 10, successfully reduces voltage and current fluctuations, minimizing the risk of overcharging and overdischarging. The implementation of the CC-CV method effectively prolongs battery life by maintaining charging parameters within ideal limits.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Permanent Magnet Generator, Buck Converter, Constant Current Constant Voltage (CC-CV), Baterai Valve Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA)
Subjects:	T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK2943 Battery chargers.
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > 36304-Automation Electronic Engineering
Depositing User:	Salsabila Balqis
Date Deposited:	05 Aug 2025 06:23
Last Modified:	05 Aug 2025 06:23
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/127404

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