Indyanto, Arif (2025) Model Distribusi Angkutan Pasir Laut Pasca Kebijakan Pengelolaan Hasil Sedimentasi Di Laut: Studi Kasus Lokasi Prioritas Pembersihan Hasil Sedimentasi Laut. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Permasalahan sedimentasi di beberapa wilayah pesisir Indonesia telah menjadi perhatian nasional, terutama di lokasi-lokasi yang menjadi prioritas pembersihan sedimentasi laut. Untuk menjawab tantangan ini, pemerintah mengeluarkan kebijakan pengelolaan hasil sedimentasi laut melalui Keputusan Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan Republik Indonesia Nomor 16 Tahun 2024. Kebijakan ini memungkinkan pengangkutan dan pemanfaatan pasir laut hasil sedimentasi untuk mendukung proyek reklamasi serta rehabilitasi kawasan pesisir. Seiring dengan kebijakan tersebut, dibutuhkan sebuah model distribusi angkutan pasir laut yang mampu merancang skema distribusi yang efisien dan optimal dari sisi biaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi eksisting pengelolaan distribusi pasir laut sedimentasi, membangun model distribusi pasir laut sedimentasi, dan menghitung biaya distribusi yang paling minimum dari kegiatan pengerukan dan pengiriman pasir laut tersebut. Studi ini memanfaatkan tiga jenis kapal keruk, yaitu Trailing Suction Hopper Dredger (TSHD), Cutter Suction Dredger (CSD), dan Clamshell Dredger, serta menggunakan moda pengangkutan Self Propelled Split Hopper Barge (SPSHB) untuk pengiriman pasir laut. Pemodelan dilakukan dengan pendekatan Integer Linear Programming untuk mendapatkan solusi distribusi paling efisien. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat sembilan titik lokasi pengerukan dan lima belas titik lokasi reklamasi yang membutuhkan pasir laut. Model distribusi berhasil mengelompokkan pasangan supply-demand sebanyak lima belas kelompok. Utilitas kapal keruk pada skenario terbaik (Skenario 1) menunjukkan dominasi TSHD sebesar 57% dan CSD sebesar 43%. Biaya total distribusi paling efisien terdapat pada Skenario 1 dengan nilai sebesar Rp23 triliun, untuk mendistribusikan volume pasir laut sebesar 888.608.800 m³. Sementara itu, biaya distribusi satuan paling optimum tercatat sebesar Rp26.136 per m³, yang hanya menyumbang 12% dari total biaya logistik. Temuan ini diharapkan dapat menjadi landasan strategis dalam pelaksanaan distribusi pasir laut sedimentasi secara efisien pasca kebijakan pengelolaan sedimentasi laut.
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Sedimentation issues in several coastal areas of Indonesia have become a national concern, especially in locations that are prioritized for marine sedimentation cleanup. To address this challenge, the government issued a policy on marine sedimentation management through Decree of the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia Number 16 of 2024. This policy allows for the transportation and utilization of marine sedimentation sand to support reclamation projects and coastal area rehabilitation. Along with this policy, a marine sand transportation distribution model is needed to design an efficient and cost-effective distribution scheme. This study aims to determine the existing conditions of marine sedimentation sand distribution management, develop a marine sedimentation sand distribution model, and calculate the minimum distribution costs for dredging and transporting marine sand. This study utilizes three types of dredgers: Trailing Suction Hopper Dredger (TSHD), Cutter Suction Dredger (CSD), and Clamshell Dredger, and employs the Self-Propelled Split Hopper Barge (SPSHB) mode of transportation for sea sand delivery. Modeling is conducted using the Integer Linear Programming approach to obtain the most efficient distribution solution. The research results indicate that there are nine dredging locations and fifteen reclamation locations that require sea sand. The distribution model successfully grouped the supply-demand pairs into fifteen groups. The utility of dredgers in the best scenario (Scenario 1) shows a dominance of TSHD at 57% and CSD at 43%. The most efficient total distribution cost was found in Scenario 1, amounting to Rp23 trillion, to distribute a volume of 888,608,800 m³ of marine sand. Meanwhile, the most optimal unit distribution cost was recorded at Rp26,136 per m³, contributing only 12% of the total logistics cost. These findings are expected to serve as a strategic foundation for the efficient distribution of sedimentation sea sand following the implementation of sea sedimentation management policies.
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