Analisis Numerik Proses Co-Firing Biomassa Limbah Pelepah Sawit dan Batubara pada Boiler Pulverized Coal (PC)

Ihsan, Sobar (2025) Analisis Numerik Proses Co-Firing Biomassa Limbah Pelepah Sawit dan Batubara pada Boiler Pulverized Coal (PC). Doctoral thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pengembangan teknologi co-firing antara biomassa dan batubara menjadi strategi penting dalam mendukung transisi energi rendah karbon di sektor pembangkit listrik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh variasi rasio dan posisi injeksi biomassa pelepah sawit terhadap karakteristik pembakaran dan emisi gas buang pada boiler tipe pulverized coal boiler. Simulasi numerik dilakukan dengan rasio campuran biomassa 5%, 25% dan 50%. Khusus untuk rasio 5% dilakukan pula analisis tambahan terhadap empat variasi posisi injeksi pada burner berbeda A, B, C dab D untuk melihat pengaruh spesial terhadap performa pembakaran. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa performa boiler tipe pulverized coal meningkat secara signifikan melalui penerapan teknologi co-firing dengan limbah pelepah sawit. Efesiensi termal boiler mencapai nilai optimum sebesar 84,11% pada rasio 5% biomassa, tanpa menyebabkan penurunan temperatur pembakaran yang signifikan. Penurunan CO2 terjadi karena karakteristik karbon netral biomassa. Sedangkan penurunan SO2 paling signifikan tercapai pada rasio 50% akibat kandungan sulfur pelepah sawit yang sangat rendah. Sebaliknya, emisi NOx mengalami peningkatan seiring bertambahnya rasio biomassa, terutama pada rasio 25% hingga 50%, yang disebabkan oleh pembentukan thermal-NOx akibat peningkatan temperatur lokal dan kandungan volatil yang tinggi pada biomassa. Dari semua variasi, campuran rasio 5% pelepah sawit dinilai paling optimal karena dapat menurunkan CO2 yang signifikan sebesar 26,3% dan SO2 tanpa menyebakan peningkatan emisi NOx dan tetap menjaga kestabilan temperatur pembakaran. Selain itu, analisis terhadap posisi injeksi pelepah sawit pada rasio 5% menunjukkan bahwa distribusi temperatur dan emisi gas buang sangat dipengaruhi oleh lokasi burner. Injeksi melalui burner B menghasilkan distribusi temperatur paling stabil dan emisi CO2 terendah. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi dalam pemanfaatan limbah biomassa perkebunan sebagai sumber energi terbarukan sekaligus solusi pengurangan emisi pada pembangkit listrik berbahan bakar batubara. Hasilnya diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan teknis dan kebijakan dalam implementasi teknologi co-firing secara lebih luas di sektor ketenagalistrikan nasional.
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The advancement of co-firing technology utilizing biomass and coal is a crucial method for facilitating the low-carbon energy transition in the power generation industry. This study is to assess the impact of alterations in the ratio and injection location of oil palm frond biomass on combustion properties and exhaust emissions in a pulverized coal boiler. Numerical simulations were conducted using biomass mixture ratios of 5%, 25%, and 50%. For the 5% ratio, further investigation was performed on four modifications in injection position across burners A, B, C, and D to ascertain their specific impact on combustion performance. The investigation indicates that the performance of the pulverized coal boiler markedly improved with the implementation of co-firing technology utilizing palm frond waste. The boiler achieved a maximum thermal efficiency of 84.11% at a 5% biomass ratio, without a notable reduction in combustion temperature. The decrease in CO2 resulted from the carbon-neutral properties of biomass. The greatest substantial reduction in SO2 occurred at a 50% ratio, attributable to the minimal sulfur content in palm fronds. In contrast, NOx emissions escalated with a higher biomass ratio, particularly between 25% and 50%, attributed to the generation of thermal-NOx resulting from elevated local temperatures and the high volatile content in the biomass. The 5% palm frond mixture ratio was deemed the most appropriate, as it could substantially decrease CO2 by 26.3% and SO2 without elevating NOx emissions, while ensuring steady combustion temperature. Furthermore, the examination of the palm frond injection position at a 5% ratio revealed that the burner placement substantially affected temperature distribution and exhaust gas emissions. The injection via burner B yields the most steady temperature distribution and minimizes CO2 emissions. This research advances the use of plantation biomass waste as a renewable energy source and a means to mitigate emissions in coal-fired power plants. The outcomes are anticipated to function as a technical and policy reference for the extensive application of co-firing technology within the national power industry.

Item Type:	Thesis (Doctoral)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	CFD, Co-firing, Karakteristik pembakaran, emesi gas buang, pulverized coal boiler, Combustion Characteristics, Flue Gas Emissions
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ164 Power plants--Design and construction T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ263.5 Boilers (general) T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ808 Renewable energy sources. Energy harvesting.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21001-(S3) PhD Thesis
Depositing User:	Ihsan Sobar
Date Deposited:	05 Aug 2025 11:44
Last Modified:	05 Aug 2025 11:44
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/127543

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