Perancangan Bejana Filtrasi-Adsorpsi Multilapis Dalam Penurunan Nilai COD Pada Limbah Fraksinasi Metil Ester

Valensyah, Anandya Zulham (2025) Perancangan Bejana Filtrasi-Adsorpsi Multilapis Dalam Penurunan Nilai COD Pada Limbah Fraksinasi Metil Ester. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

Text 8044241008-Profession.pdf - Accepted Version Restricted to Repository staff only Download (9MB) | Request a copy

Abstract

Proses fraksinasi metil ester pada industri biodiesel menghasilkan limbah cair yang memiliki kadar Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) sangat tinggi. Kandungan senyawa organik seperti gliserol, metanol, dan sabun dalam limbah ini menjadi penyumbang utama tingginya nilai COD. Jika tidak ditangani dengan benar, limbah tersebut dapat mencemari lingkungan, terutama badan air, serta mengganggu proses pengolahan limbah biologis lanjutan karena beban organik yang berlebih dapat mematikan mikroorganisme dalam sistem tersebut. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, dilakukan praktik keinsinyuran yang fokus pada evaluasi sistem filtrasi-adsorpsi multilapis dan perancangan unit pengolah limbah skala industri. Sistem yang dirancang menggunakan tiga jenis media, yaitu pasir silika, zeolit, dan karbon aktif, yang masing-masing memiliki fungsi berbeda dalam proses penyaringan dan penyerapan kontaminan. Pasir silika bertindak sebagai penyaring partikel kasar, zeolit sebagai penyerap ion logam dan amonium, serta karbon aktif sebagai penyerap senyawa organik. Pengujian skala laboratorium menggunakan tabung uji dengan konfigurasi tiga lapis media menunjukkan penurunan COD antara 19,23% hingga 35,50%, dengan waktu kontak optimal selama 2 menit. Selanjutnya, dilakukan perancangan sistem skala besar dengan bejana berdiameter 1 meter dan media penyaring setebal total 80 cm. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan efisiensi penurunan COD secara teoritis mencapai 87,6%. Dari sisi ekonomi, sistem ini jauh lebih efisien dibandingkan metode pengolahan biologis berbasis mikroba. Selama lima tahun masa operasi, sistem ini diperkirakan dapat menghemat biaya hingga USD 377.518. Hal ini disebabkan oleh rendahnya biaya operasional dan kemampuan regenerasi media yang digunakan. Sistem filtrasi-adsorpsi ini tidak hanya efektif dalam menurunkan nilai COD, tetapi juga ramah lingkungan, mudah dioperasikan, dan sesuai dengan standar baku mutu limbah cair industri sebagaimana diatur dalam PP No. 22 Tahun 2021. Oleh karena itu, sistem ini dapat menjadi solusi pre-treatment yang praktis dan dapat direplikasi untuk berbagai skala industri biodiesel di Indonesia.
=====================================================================================================================================
The fractionation process of methyl esters in the biodiesel industry generates wastewater with a very high Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). Organic compounds such as glycerol, methanol, and soap are the primary contributors to the elevated COD levels in this waste. If not properly treated, the wastewater can pollute the environment, especially water bodies, and disrupt subsequent biological treatment processes due to the excessive organic load, which can be lethal to microorganisms in the system. To address this issue, engineering practices were applied focusing on the evaluation of a multilayer filtration-adsorption system and the design of an industrial-scale wastewater treatment unit. The system utilizes three types of media—silica sand, zeolite, and activated carbon—each serving a distinct function in the filtration and contaminant removal process. Silica sand acts as a coarse particle filter, zeolite as an ion exchanger for metal ions and ammonium, and activated carbon as an adsorbent for organic compounds. Laboratory-scale testing using test tubes configured with three-layer media showed COD reduction ranging from 19.23% to 35.50%, with an optimal contact time of 2 minutes. Subsequently, a large-scale system was designed using a vessel with a diameter of 1 meter and a total media depth of 80 cm. Simulation results indicated a theoretical COD removal efficiency of up to 87.6%. From an economic perspective, this system is significantly more cost-effective than microbe-based biological treatment methods. Over five years of operation, the system is estimated to save up to USD 377,518 due to low operational costs and the regenerability of the media used. This filtration-adsorption system is not only effective in reducing COD levels, but also environmentally friendly, easy to operate, and compliant with industrial wastewater quality standards as regulated in Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021. Therefore, it presents a practical pre-treatment solution that can be replicated across various scales of biodiesel industries in Indonesia.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	COD, filtrasi multilapis, karbon aktif, zeolit, pasir silika, limbah cair, biodiesel, COD, multilayer filtration, activated carbon, zeolite, silica sand, wastewater, biodiesel.
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD899 Waste control in special industries, plants, processes, etc
Divisions:	Interdisciplinary School of Management and Technology (SIMT) > 78201-System And Technology Innovation
Depositing User:	Anandya Zulham Valensyah
Date Deposited:	08 Aug 2025 07:54
Last Modified:	08 Aug 2025 07:54
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/127587

Actions (login required)

View Item