Arsanti, Auliya (2025) Pengaruh Suhu pada Sintesis Asetin dari Gliserol Produk Samping Biodiesel dengan Asam Asetat Anhidrida dan Katalis K2CO3. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Kinerja biodiesel pada suhu rendah sering mengalami penurunan akibat terbentuknya kristal padat dari asam lemak jenuh rantai panjang, yang meningkatkan viskositas dan menurunkan kemampuan alir bahan bakar. Penambahan senyawa bioaditif seperti asetin telah diketahui mampu menurunkan titik tuang dan meningkatkan stabilitas aliran biodiesel. Asetin merupakan turunan ester dari gliserol yang terdiri atas monoasetin, diasetin, dan triasetin, di mana diasetin menunjukkan karakteristik fisikokimia paling sesuai sebagai bioaditif cold flow karena memiliki polaritas sedang dan kelarutan yang baik dalam biodiesel. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mensintesis asetin dari gliserol dan asam asetat anhidrida menggunakan katalis basa K2CO3, serta mengevaluasi pengaruh suhu reaksi terhadap rendemen dan kelimpahan relatif senyawa diasetin. Reaksi dilakukan pada tiga variasi suhu (suhu ruang, 90 °C dan 120 °C). Rendemen produk masing-masing variasi suhu, yaitu 24,17%, 68,70% dan 82,23%. Pemantauan reaksi dilakukan menggunakan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT), sedangkan identifikasi produk dilakukan dengan Kromatografi Gas–Spektrometri Massa (KG– SM). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa suhu 120 °C memberikan rendemen tertinggi sebesar 82,23% dan menghasilkan kelimpahan relatif diasetin sebesar 71,2% dari total produk. Peningkatan suhu mempercepat laju reaksi dan mengarahkan selektivitas ke pembentukan diasetin. Temuan ini mendukung potensi aplikasi diasetin sebagai bioaditif dalam formulasi biodiesel untuk meningkatkan performa alir pada suhu rendah
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The performance of biodiesel at low temperatures often declines due to the formation of solid crystals from long-chain saturated fatty acids, which increase viscosity and hinder fuel flow. Previous studies have shown that the addition of bioadditives can reduce the pour point and improve cold flow properties. Acetylated glycerol derivatives, possessing both polar and nonpolar functional groups, exhibit suitable physicochemical characteristics for such applications. In this study, monoacetin (MA), diacetin (DA), and triacetin (TA) were synthesized via esterification of glycerol using acetic anhydride and potassium carbonate (K2CO3) as a base catalyst. The reaction was carried out at three temperature conditions (room temperature, 90 °C, and 120 °C). The product yields obtained were 24.17%, 63.32% and 82.32%, indicating a positive correlation between temperature and esterification efficiency. Product formation was initially verified through Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Further compound identification was performed on the product obtained at 120 °C, which gave the highest overall yield. Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis revealed that DA (diacetin) was the predominant component, with a relative abundance of 71.2%. These results underscore the effectiveness of elevated temperatures in enhancing both the yield and selectivity toward DA, which shows strong potential as a cold flow bioadditive to improve biodiesel performance in low-temperature environments.
Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
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Uncontrolled Keywords: | Esterification, Glycerol, Bioadditive, Cold Flow, Biodiesel. |
Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry |
Divisions: | Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Chemistry > 47201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
Depositing User: | Auliya Arsanti |
Date Deposited: | 06 Aug 2025 04:57 |
Last Modified: | 06 Aug 2025 05:46 |
URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/127740 |
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