Ashari, Muhamad Diaz (2025) Implementasi Kontrol PID Untuk Mengatur Suhu Tangki Penampung Gelatin. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Ketidakstabilan suhu dalam proses penyimpanan gelatin dapat menurunkan viskositas dan kekuatan gel, yang berdampak langsung terhadap mutu kapsul farmasi. Penelitian ini mengusulkan sistem pengendalian suhu berbasis mikrokontroler ESP32 dengan metode kontrol Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) sebagai solusi terhadap kelemahan sistem on-off sederhana yang digunakan di PT Kimia Farma Tbk Plant Watudakon. Sistem dirancang menggunakan sensor thermocouple type-K dan modul MAX6675 untuk pembacaan suhu, driver PWM berbasis MOSFET ME15N10G untuk penguatan sinyal, serta Solid State Relay (SSR) 3 fasa yang berfungsi sebagai saklar elektronik untuk mengatur penyambungan arus 3 fasa ke immersion heater berdaya 6000 W secara otomatis berdasarkan sinyal dari ESP32. Parameter PID ditentukan menggunakan metode Ziegler–Nichols tipe 1 dan disempurnakan melalui tuning manual, dengan nilai akhir Kp = 2,20, Ki = 0,003, dan Kd = 106,5. Sistem dilengkapi antarmuka HMI Nextion, indikator LED suhu, alarm buzzer, proteksi suhu tinggi, serta pencatatan suhu otomatis ke Google Spreadsheet melalui Wi-Fi sebagai bagian dari sistem IoT. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan sistem mampu menjaga kestabilan suhu pada berbagai setpoint. Pada setpoint 55 °C, diperoleh overshoot sebesar +1,39 °C , rise time sekitar 2710 detik, waktu stabil (settling time) pada detik ke-6990, serta error steady-state maksimum sebesar 2,53%. Dibandingkan sistem on-off yang menghasilkan overshoot +5,13 °C, fluktuasi suhu ±8,88 °C, dan tidak pernah mencapai kestabilan selama 8200 detik pengujian, sistem PID memberikan peningkatan signifikan dalam hal kecepatan, akurasi, dan stabilitas. Dengan demikian, sistem ini layak diterapkan pada proses industri yang memerlukan kendali suhu yang presisi, andal, dan terintegrasi secara digital.
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Temperature instability during gelatin storage can reduce viscosity and gel strength, which directly affects the quality of pharmaceutical capsules. This study proposes a microcontroller-based temperature control system using the ESP32 microcontroller with Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control as a solution to the limitations of the simple on-off system currently used at PT Kimia Farma Tbk's Watudakon Plant. The system is designed using a Type-K Thermocouple sensor and MAX6675 module for temperature reading, a MOSFET-based PWM driver ME15N10G for signal amplification, and a 3-phase Solid State Relay (SSR) functioning as an electronic switch to automatically regulate the connection of 3-phase current to a 6000 W immersion heater based on signals from the ESP32. The PID parameters were determined using the Ziegler–Nichols Type 1 method and refined through manual tuning, with final values of Kp = 2.20, Ki = 0.003, and Kd = 106.5. The system is equipped with a Nextion HMI interface, LED temperature indicators, buzzer alarms, high temperature protection, and automatic temperature recording to Google Spreadsheet via Wi-Fi as part of the IoT system. Test results show that the system is capable of maintaining temperature stability at various setpoints. At a setpoint of 55°C, an overshoot of +1.39°C was observed, with a rise time of approximately 2710 seconds, a settling time at the 6990th second, and a maximum steady-state error of 2.53%. Compared to an on-off system that produced an overshoot of +5.13°C, temperature fluctuations of ±8.88°C, and never achieved stability during the 8200-second test, the PID system provides significant improvements in terms of speed, accuracy, and stability. Therefore, this system is suitable for industrial processes requiring precise, reliable, and digitally integrated temperature control.
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