Perancangan Estimator Dan Sistem Kontrol Proton Exchange Membran Fuel Cell (PEMFC)

Pratama, Muhammad Rizki Anugrah (2025) Perancangan Estimator Dan Sistem Kontrol Proton Exchange Membran Fuel Cell (PEMFC). Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Fuel cell merupakan salah satu solusi semakin terbatasnya persediaan energi fossil yang tersisa. Proton Exchange Membran Fuel Cell merupakan jenis yang paling umum digunakan. Sementara itu, konfigurasi open cathode merupakan konfigurasi paling umum karena dianggap sederhana dengan input oksigen berasal dari atmosfer. Dalam operasionalnya fuel cell menghadapi dua tantangan serius yaitu temperatur operasional dan tekanan operasional. Masalah yang timbul yaitu tidak semua parameter operasional fuel cell dapat dipasangi transmitter untuk melakukan pengukuran. Oleh karenanya estimator berbasis extended kalman filter dirancang. Estimator melakukan pendekatan matematis untuk parameter yang tidak dapat diukur secara fisik. 8 state estimator dibuat dan dievaluasi dengan variasi kovarian (P, Q, R). Hasil evaluasi menyatakan nilai error terbesar ada pada state ke-4 (nao,H2) dengan nilai error 2,319. Sebagai aksi untuk mengoptimalkan operasional fuel cell, sistem kontrol feedback dan feedback feedforward berbasis kontrol PI dibuat. Temperatur dan tekanan anoda dikontrol dengan nilai setpoint 333K dan 0,6 bar. Rancangan kontroller mampu mengikuti setpoint untuk setiap arus beban yang diberikan. Rancangan kontroller juga berdampak pada performansi fuel cell dimana meningkatkan tegangan keluaran. Tegangan keluaran maksimal meningkat hingga 216,8 watt. Rasio stokiometri juga meningkat dengan rentang 1,27 – 1,38. Akan tetapi efisiensi menurun dengan nilai terendah ada pada 49,227%. Meskipun demikian kondisi operasional seperti ini jauh lebih aman dibandingkan dengan kontrol bawaan.
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Fuel cell is one of the solutions to the increasingly limited supply of fossil energy. The Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is the most commonly used type. Meanwhile, the open cathode configuration is the most widely adopted due to its simplicity, as it utilizes atmospheric air as the oxygen source. However, during operation, fuel cells face two critical challenges: operational temperature and operational pressure. One major issue is that not all operational parameters of the fuel cell can be measured directly using transmitters. Therefore, an estimator based on the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) was designed. This estimator mathematically approximates parameters that cannot be physically measured. An 8-state estimator was developed and evaluated using different covariance values (P, Q, R). The
evaluation results indicated that the highest estimation error occurred in the fourth state (nao,H₂), with an error value of 2.319. To optimize the operation of the fuel
cell, a feedback and feedforward control system based on a PI controller was implemented. The stack temperature and anode pressure were controlled with setpoints of 333K and 0.6 bar, respectively. The controller design was able to accurately follow the setpoints under varying load currents. The implementation of the controller also improved the performance of the fuel cell, as indicated by an increase in output voltage. The maximum output power increased by up to 216.8 watts. The stoichiometric ratio also improved, ranging between 1.27 and 1.38. However, efficiency decreased, with the lowest recorded value being 49.227%. Nevertheless, this operational condition is still significantly safer compared to the default control system.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Fuel Cell, Estimator, Kontrol Reaktan,Reactant Control
Subjects:	Q Science > Q Science (General) > Q180.55.M38 Mathematical models Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA402.3 Kalman filtering. Q Science > QC Physics > QC100.5 Measuring instruments (General) Q Science > QC Physics > QC271.8.C3 Calibration Q Science > QC Physics > QC271 Temperature measurements
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Physics Engineering > 30101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Muhammad Rizki Anugrah Pratama
Date Deposited:	06 Aug 2025 07:26
Last Modified:	06 Aug 2025 07:26
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/127766

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