Strategi Pengelolaan Lingkungan Perairan Budidaya Rumput Laut Kappaphycus alvarezii Secara Berkelanjutan Dengan Pendekatan Model Sistem Dinamik

Sujatmiko, Wisnu (2025) Strategi Pengelolaan Lingkungan Perairan Budidaya Rumput Laut Kappaphycus alvarezii Secara Berkelanjutan Dengan Pendekatan Model Sistem Dinamik. Doctoral thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Kappahycus alvarezii (K.a) adalah salah satu jenis rumput laut yang memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi di Indonesia, namun sepuluh tahun terakhir produksinya terus menurun. Tujuan penelitian adalah menyusun strategi pengelolaan lingkungan perairan secara berkelanjutan sehinga produksi K.a dapat meningkat kembali. Metode penelitian meliputi survei dan analisis tingkat kesesuaian lahan, analisis faktor penyebab penurunan produksi menggunakan SEM-PLS (Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares), membangun model baru untuk memprediksi produksi rumput laut menggunakan sistem dinamik dan menyusun strategi pengelolaan lingkungan perairan budidayanya secara berkelanjutan. Studi kasus penelitian di Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta. Hasil analisis tingkat kesesuaian lahan, termasuk dalam kriteria kelas Sesuai (S) dan Sangat Sesuai (SS) yang dipengaruhi musim untuk budidaya rumput laut, namun beberapa parameter tidak memenuhi baku mutu terutama NO₃-N dan minyak & lemak. Indeks pencemaran 6,51-8,17 menunjukkan perairan tercemar sedang. Hasil analisis menggunakan SEM-PLS menunjukkan bahwa Total Effect Parameter Kimia dan Fisik berpengaruh negatif sebesar 54,3% dan 16%, sedangkan Faktor SDM, Rumput Laut dan Teknologi berpengaruh positif masing-masing sebesar 46,9%, 8,9% 17,7% terhadap produksi rumput laut K.a. Model Prediksi Produksi Rumput Laut K.a (MPPRL-K.a) telah dibangun dengan mempertimbangkan nilai pengaruh variabel terhadap produksi berdasarkan hasil analisis SEM-PLS ke dalam model. Model teruji valid untuk mensimulasikan skenario produksi sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan intervensi melalui upaya perbaikan variabel lingkungan, SDM, rumput laut ataupun teknologi, untuk mendapatkan berbagai gambaran perubahan produksi sebagai bahan alternatif pilihan menyusun strategi pengelolaan. Hasil uji sensitifitas menunjukkan bahwa SDM merupakan faktor paling berpengaruh terhadap produksi. Strategi pengelolaan lingkungan perairan yang terbaik untuk budidaya rumput laut secara berkelanjutan adalah dilakukan intervensi perbaikan secara terpadu karena variabel saling terkait dan berpengaruh. Strategi jangka pendek terutama upaya intervensi lingkungan dengan mengurangi tingginya tingkat pencemaran melalui optimalisasi pemanfaatan IPAL komunal yang berada di pulau-pulau supaya limbah tidak terbuang langsung ke laut. Strategi jangka menengah dengan menambah jumlah IPAL di pulau-pulau dan meningkatan pemanfaatannya, menyiapkan sarana untuk produksi bibit mandiri, dan monitoring kualitas air oleh pemerintah daerah. Strategi jangka panjang dengan upaya intervensi peningkatan pengetahuan, keterampilan SDM, menggunakan bibit rumput laut unggul, dan memanfaatkan teknologi hasil inovasi baru serta meningkatkan kesadaran kepada masyarakat tentang pentingnya menjaga lingkungan perairan sebagai tempat berusaha, sumber penghasilan dan penghidupan bagi masyarakat pesisir sehingga diperoleh produksi yang optimal dan berkelanjutan.
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Kappaphycus alvarezii (K.a) is a species of seaweed with high economic value in Indonesia; however, its production has significantly declined over the past decade. This study aims to develop strategies for the sustainable management of the aquatic environment to support the recovery and enhancement of K.a production. The research methods include surveys and land suitability analysis; identification of factors contributing to production decline using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS); and the development of a system dynamics model to predict seaweed production and formulate strategies for the sustainable management of the aquaculture aquatic environment. The study is based on a case study in the Seribu Islands, DKI Jakarta. The results of the land suitability analysis indicate that the area falls within the Suitable (S) and Very Suitable (SS) categories for seaweed cultivation, although several parameters particularly NO₃-N and oil & fat do not meet the required quality standards. The pollution index, ranging from 6.51 to 8.17, classifies the waters as moderately polluted. SEM-PLS analysis revealed that the total effects of chemical and physical parameters had negative impacts of 54.3% and 16%, respectively, whereas human resources, seaweed, and technological factors had positive effects of 46.9%, 8.9%, and 17.7%, respectively, on the production of K.a. The Seaweed Production Prediction Model for Kappaphycus alvarezii (MPPRL-K.a) has been developed by incorporating the influence values of variables on production based on the results of SEM-PLS analysis into the model. The model has been validated and is capable of simulating production scenarios before and after interventions aimed at improving environmental conditions, human resources, seaweed quality, or technology. These simulations provide alternative insights into potential changes in production, which can support the formulation of management strategies. Sensitivity analysis results indicate that human resources are the most influential factor affecting production. The best strategy for sustainable seaweed aquaculture management is an integrated improvement intervention, as the variables are interrelated and mutually influential. In the short term, the primary strategy is environmental intervention by reducing high levels of pollution through the optimization of communal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) utilization on the islands, in order to prevent waste from being discharged directly into the sea. The mediumterm strategy includes increasing the number of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) on the islands and improving their utilization, preparing facilities for independent seed production, and implementing water quality monitoring by local government authorities. Long-term strategy with intervention efforts to improve knowledge, human resource skills, use superior seaweed seeds, and utilize new innovative technology as well as increase public awareness about the importance of maintaining the aquatic environment as a place of business, source of income and livelihood for coastal communities so that optimal and sustainable production is obtained.

Item Type:	Thesis (Doctoral)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Kappahycus alvarezii, analisis kesesuaian lahan, Model Sistem Dinamik, SEM-PLS, strategi pengeloaan berkelanjutan,Kappaphycus alvarezii, land suitability analysis, system dynamic model, SEM-PLS, sustainable management strategy
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25001-(S3) PhD Thesis
Depositing User:	Wisnu Sujatmiko
Date Deposited:	07 Aug 2025 04:00
Last Modified:	07 Aug 2025 04:00
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/127850

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