Kebijakan Subsidi Transportasi Laut Studi Kasus Layanan PT. PELNI KM. Kelud Rute Tg. Priok - Batam - Tg. Balai Karimun - Belawan

Purnawan, Lukas Permana Candra (2025) Kebijakan Subsidi Transportasi Laut Studi Kasus Layanan PT. PELNI KM. Kelud Rute Tg. Priok - Batam - Tg. Balai Karimun - Belawan. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas kebijakan subsidi angkutan laut penumpang kelas ekonomi dengan studi kasus pada kapal KM. Kelud rute Tanjung Priok – Batam – Tanjung Balai Karimun – Belawan. Permasalahan yang dikaji mencakup kebutuhan untuk menentukan besaran subsidi yang ideal berdasarkan kemampuan membayar (Ability to Pay/ATP) dan kesediaan membayar (Willingness to Pay/WTP) pengguna jasa, serta mengevaluasi efektivitas layanan kapal dalam mendukung kebijakan subsidi angkutan laut. Kajian ini juga menilai apakah pelayanan yang diberikan sudah sesuai dengan ekspektasi penumpang. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan analisis biaya operasional kapal, perhitungan ATP dan WTP berdasarkan survei terhadap 173 responden, serta analisis kepuasan pelanggan menggunakan uji chi-square dan regresi logistik. Analisis sensitivitas digunakan untuk melihat dampak variasi load factor terhadap kebutuhan subsidi Public Service Obligation (PSO). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata tarif dasar (Required Freight Rate) mencapai Rp. 603.881,00, sedangkan tarif eksisting hanya Rp. 321.917,00, menyebabkan kebutuhan subsidi sebesar Rp. 281.964,00 per penumpang. Rata-rata ATP sebesar Rp. 363.485,00 dan WTP sebesar Rp. 320.934,00 menunjukkan bahwa secara ekonomi penumpang mampu membayar lebih dari tarif saat ini, namun kemauan membayar mereka lebih rendah. Pada kondisi ekstrem dengan load factor 100% dan efisiensi optimal, tarif dasar mendekati ATP sehingga subsidi PSO dapat ditekan, dengan nilai terendah mencapai Rp 59.232 per penumpang. Analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa kepuasan penumpang dengan variabel fasilitas kapal, jaminan keselamatan, dan keamanan berpengaruh signifikan. Rekomendasi kebijakan termasuk penyesuaian tarif berdasarkan ATP dan peningkatan layanan kapal seperti penyediaan air minum gratis dan fasilitas tambahan lainnya. Penelitian ini memberikan dasar pertimbangan untuk kebijakan subsidi yang lebih tepat sasaran dan berkelanjutan.

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This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of public subsidy policies for economy-class sea passenger transport, using the KM Kelud vessel on the Tanjung Priok – Batam – Tanjung Balai Karimun – Belawan route as a case study. The issues examined include the need to determine the ideal subsidy amount based on passengers’ Ability to Pay (ATP) and Willingness to Pay (WTP), as well as to assess the effectiveness of the vessel’s service in supporting the maritime transport subsidy policy. The study also evaluates whether the service provided meets passenger expectations. The research employs a quantitative approach, including analysis of vessel operational costs, ATP and WTP calculations based on surveys of 173 respondents, and customer satisfaction analysis using chi-square tests and logistic regression. Sensitivity analysis is applied to assess the impact of load factor variations on Public Service Obligation (PSO) subsidy requirements. The results show that the average Required Freight Rate (RFR) is Rp. 603,881.00, while the current fare is only Rp. 321,917.00, resulting in a subsidy need of Rp. 281,964.00 per passenger. The average ATP is Rp. 363,485.00 and WTP is Rp. 320,934.00, indicating that passengers are economically able to pay more than the current fare, although their willingness to pay is lower. Under extreme conditions with 100% load factor and optimal efficiency, the base fare approaches the ATP, allowing the PSO subsidy to be reduced to as low as Rp. 59.232,00 per passenger. Logistic regression analysis reveals that passenger satisfaction is significantly influenced by onboard facilities, safety assurance, and security. Policy recommendations include fare adjustments based on ATP and service improvements such as free drinking water and additional amenities. This study provides a basis for developing more targeted and sustainable subsidy policies.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	PSO, ATP, WTP, Kepuasan Penumpang ======================================================================================================================== PSO, ATP, WTP, Passenger Saticfaction
Subjects:	V Naval Science > VM Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering > VM293 Shipping--Indonesia--Safety measures
Divisions:	Faculty of Marine Technology (MARTECH) > Sea Transportation Engineering > 21209-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Lukas Permana Candra Purnawan
Date Deposited:	10 Aug 2025 09:19
Last Modified:	10 Aug 2025 09:19
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/128048

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