Rosyadi, Muhammad 'Ammar (2025) Penerapan Sistem Solar Tracker Pada Panel Surya Sebagai Supply Listrik Pada Buoy Monitoring Menggunakan Metode PID. Diploma thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) terapung merupakan solusi dalam pemanfaatan energi terbarukan di perairan yang dinamis seperti laut. Kondisi lingkungan yang tidak stabil mendorong pengembangan sistem Solar Tracker yang mampu mempertahankan efisiensi penyerapan energi. Penelitian ini merancang sistem dual-axis Solar Tracker berbasis mikrokontroler ESP32 yang mengendalikan dua motor DC menggunakan algoritma PID untuk mengikuti arah matahari, dengan masukan dari sensor cahaya BH1750 dan encoder sudut AS5600. Penyetelan kontrol PID dilakukan menggunakan metode Ziegler-Nichols yang kemudian disempurnakan melalui fine tuning. Parameter diperoleh untuk motor altitude adalah Kp = 2.013, Ki = 0.583, dan Kd = 2386.025, sedangkan untuk motor azimuth adalah Kp = 3.206, Ki = 0.3794, dan Kd = 3586.025. Pengujian dilakukan di lingkungan darat dan perairan. Hasil menunjukkan sistem Solar Tracker menghasilkan daya sebesar 332,69 Wh (darat) dan 331,9 Wh (terapung), sedangkan sistem kontrol PID menghasilkan 274,81 Wh (darat) dan 278,24 Wh (terapung). Selisih efisiensi mencapai 21,06% di darat dan 19,28% di laut. Energi yang dihasilkan masih cukup untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sistem buoy monitoring sebesar 110,9 Wh per hari. Sistem terbukti efektif dan adaptif terhadap kondisi laut.
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Floating Solar Power Plants (PLTS) present a solution for utilizing renewable energy in dynamic aquatic environments such as oceans. The unstable environmental conditions encourage the development of a solar tracking system capable of maintaining energy absorption efficiency. This study designs a dual-axis Solar Tracker based on the ESP32 microcontroller, which controls two DC motors using a PID algorithm to follow the sun's direction, with input from the BH1750 light sensor and AS5600 angular encoder. PID tuning was carried out using the Ziegler-Nichols method and further refined through manual fine tuning. The obtained parameters for the altitude motor are Kp = 2.013, Ki = 0.583, and Kd = 2386.025, while for the azimuth motor they are Kp = 3.206, Ki = 0.3794, and Kd = 3586.025. Testing was conducted in both land and floating environments. The results show that the Solar Tracker system produced 332.69 Wh (land) and 331.9 Wh (floating), while the PID-controlled system without tracking generated 274.81 Wh (land) and 278.24 Wh (floating). The efficiency gain reached 21.06% on land and 19.28% on water. The energy produced was still sufficient to meet the daily power requirement of the buoy monitoring system, which is 110.9 Wh. The system proved to be effective and adaptive to marine environmental conditions.
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