Identifying Dominant Factors Contributing To Oil Spills And Improving Prevention And Response Strategies In Pertamina's Terminal Operations

Abdi, Muhammad Suwardi Surya (2025) Identifying Dominant Factors Contributing To Oil Spills And Improving Prevention And Response Strategies In Pertamina's Terminal Operations. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Tumpahan minyak pada operasi terminal PT Pertamina (Persero) di Indonesia merupakan isu krusial dengan dampak signifikan terhadap lingkungan, ekonomi, dan sosial. Mengingat peran vital Pertamina dalam menjaga ketahanan energi nasional serta tingginya ketergantungan Indonesia pada transportasi maritim untuk distribusi energi, mitigasi risiko tumpahan minyak menjadi sebuah prioritas utama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor dominan yang menjadi penyebab insiden tumpahan minyak serta merumuskan strategi pencegahan dan penanggulangan yang efektif dan terarah. Fokus analisis mencakup berbagai karakteristik operasional fasilitas, seperti dermaga, Single Point Mooring (SPM), Conventional Buoy Mooring (CBM), dan aktivitas transfer antar kapal (Ship-to-Ship). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan metode campuran (mixed-methods) untuk menjamin validitas dan reliabilitas data melalui proses triangulasi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui tiga jalur: (1) analisis kuantitatif terhadap data historis insiden tumpahan minyak Pertamina periode 2020-2025; (2) survei kuantitatif yang melibatkan 126 personel Oil Spill Response (OSR) di 29 terminal; dan (3) wawancara kualitatif semi-terstruktur dengan enam pakar kunci di bidang terkait oil spill dan operasional terminal migas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan gambaran penyebab insiden yang kompleks. Analisis data historis mengindikasikan kegagalan teknis (misalnya, kebocoran selang dan pipa) sebagai penyebab utama. Namun, temuan dari survei dan wawancara secara konsisten menempatkan faktor manusia (seperti kelalaian, kelelahan, dan kurangnya kompetensi) sebagai faktor yang paling dominan. Faktor teknis terkait integritas peralatan tetap signifikan, namun sering kali berkelindan dengan aspek pengawasan manusia. Lebih lanjut, fasilitas lepas pantai (SPM dan CBM) teridentifikasi memiliki profil risiko yang lebih tinggi akibat kompleksitas operasional dan eksposur terhadap cuaca. Kesimpulan utama dari studi ini adalah perlunya pendekatan multifaset untuk memperkuat manajemen tumpahan minyak. Rekomendasi yang dirumuskan meliputi: (1) prioritas pada intervensi faktor manusia melalui pelatihan lanjutan dan manajemen kelelahan; (2) penguatan integritas teknis melalui pemeliharaan prediktif dan adopsi teknologi deteksi dini; serta (3) penyempurnaan sistem organisasi untuk menumbuhkan budaya keselamatan yang proaktif.
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Oil spills within the terminal operations of PT Pertamina (Persero) in Indonesia represent a critical issue with significant environmental, economic, and social consequences. Given Pertamina's vital role in maintaining national energy security and Indonesia's heavy reliance on maritime transportation for energy distribution, mitigating the risk of oil spills is a primary priority. This research aims to identify the dominant factors contributing to oil spill incidents and to formulate effective, targeted prevention and response strategies. The analysis focuses on the diverse operational characteristics of various facilities, including jetties, Single Point Moorings (SPMs), Conventional Buoy Moorings (CBMs), and Ship-to-Ship (STS) transfer activities. This study employed a mixed-methods approach to ensure data validity and reliability through triangulation. Data was collected via three distinct channels: (1) quantitative analysis of historical data on Pertamina's oil spill incidents from the 2020–2025 period; (2) a quantitative survey involving 126 Oil Spill Response (OSR) personnel across 29 terminals; and (3) semi-structured qualitative interviews with six key industry experts. The research findings reveal a complex picture of incident causation. While historical data analysis pointed to technical failures (e.g., hose and pipeline leaks) as the primary cause, findings from the survey and interviews consistently identified human factors (such as negligence, fatigue, and lack of competence) as the most dominant contemporary driver. Technical factors related to equipment integrity remain significant but are often intertwined with aspects of human oversight. Furthermore, offshore facilities (SPMs and CBMs) were identified as having a higher risk profile due to operational complexity and weather exposure. The main conclusion of this study is the necessity of a multi-faceted approach to strengthen oil spill management. The formulated recommendations include: (1) prioritizing human factor interventions through advanced training and fatigue management; (2) enhancing technical integrity via predictive maintenance and the adoption of early detection technologies; and (3) refining organizational systems to foster a proactive safety culture.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Oil Spill, Terminal Operations, Pertamina, Mixed-Methods, Human Factors, Incident Causation, Maritime Safety, Environmental Protection, Tumpahan Minyak, Operasi Terminal, Pertamina, Metode Campuran, Faktor Manusia, Penyebab Insiden, Keselamatan Maritim, Perlindungan Lingkungan
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HE Transportation and Communications > HE551 Cargo handling. Harbors--Management. H Social Sciences > HE Transportation and Communications > HE564.A1 Shipping H Social Sciences > HE Transportation and Communications > HE566.T3 Tankers
Divisions:	Faculty of Marine Technology (MARTECH) > Sea Transportation Engineering > 21209-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Muhammad Suwardi Surya Abdi
Date Deposited:	14 Aug 2025 07:59
Last Modified:	14 Aug 2025 07:59
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/128109

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