Pra-Desain Pabrik Bauksit Refraktori Dari Bauksit Alam

Baskara, Leonardo Julian and Firmana, Omega Isai (2022) Pra-Desain Pabrik Bauksit Refraktori Dari Bauksit Alam. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Berkembangnya industri refraktori di Indonesia menjadikan kebutuhan bahan baku dan produk refraktori juga semakin meningkat. Refraktori merupakan batuan yang hasil produknya digunakan sebagai pelapis untuk tungku, klin, insinerator, dan reaktor tahan api pada industri semen, keramik, kaca dan pengecoran logam. Menurut Kementerian Natural Sumber daya Guyana pada tahun 2015, 1,88 juta ton bauksit di seluruh dunia digunakan untuk produksi bauksit refraktori dan Guyana menjadi produsen utama yang bertanggung jawab untuk 6,6% dari pasokan bauksit refraktori dunia. Di Indonesia sendiri, hampir seluruh bauksit yang diproduksi di Indonesia di ekspor ke negara lain sehingga kebutuhan Refractory Grade Bauxite (RGB) tetap bergantung pada impor. Berdasarkan data kebutuhan bahan refraktori dan impor bauksit refraktori dari Asrindo tahun 2021, dapat diperkirakan kebutuhan akan bauksit refraktori untuk industri refraktori yaitu sebesar 210.000 ton/tahun, yang digunakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan 83% serapan bahan baku refraktori monolithics berupa batuan bauksit dengan kandungan Al2O3 sebesar 80-87%. Adapun produsen bahan baku refraktori dalam negeri, baru mampu memenuhi kurang dari 10% total kebutuhan bahan baku refraktori nasional. Diharapkan dengan adanya pendirian pabrik bauksit refraktori, maka total produksi bahan baku refraktori dapat bertambah serta untuk mengurangi ketergantungan impor bahan baku reftaktori Indonesia. Pabrik bauksit refraktori yang didirikan menggunakan serangkaian proses untuk mengolah bahan baku bauksit alam menjadi bauksit grade refraktori yang memiliki sifat pendukung bahan baku refraktori, dimana proses pada pabrik terbagi menjadi empat bagian proses utama yaitu pra-treatment, scrubbing, leaching, calcination, dan cooling. Rencana pendirian atau konstruksi akan dilakukan selama 3 tahun dengan perkiraan umur pabrik selama 25 tahun dengan kapasitas yang sudah ditentukan yaitu sebesar 210.000 ton per tahun. Untuk memenuhi kapasitas produksi tersebut, diperlukan Operating Expenditures (OPEX) sebesar Rp915.841.342.277,16 dengan Capital Expenditures (CAPEX) sebesar Rp885.310.817.444,88. Sumber dana investasi berasal dari modal sendiri sebesar 40% dan modal pinjaman 60%. Berdasarkan analisa ekonomi, Internal Rate of Return (IRR) pabrik ini sebesar 18,93% dengan bunga sebesar 7,95% per tahun dan laju inflasi 1,75%. Sedangkan untuk Pay Out Time (POT) selama 6 tahun 5 bulan. Dan Net Present Value (NPV) sebesar Rp1.104.873.891.419. Dengan melihat aspek penilaian analisis ekonomi tersebut, maka dapat dikatakan Pabrik Bauksit Refraktori dari Bauksit Alam ini layak untuk didirikan.
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The development of the refractory industry in Indonesia has made the need for raw materials and refractory products also increasing. Refractory is a rock whose products are used as coatings for furnaces, clins, incinerators, and refractory reactors in the cement, ceramic, glass and metal casting industries. According to Guyana's Ministry of Natural Resources in 2015, 1.88 million tonnes of bauxite worldwide were used for refractory bauxite production and Guyana became the main producer responsible for 6.6% of the world's refractory bauxite supply. In Indonesia itself, almost all bauxite produced in Indonesia is exported to other countries so that the need for Refractory Grade Bauxite (RGB) remains dependent on imports. Based on data on the need for refractory materials and imports of refractory bauxite from Asrindo in 2021, it can be estimated that the need for refractory bauxite for the refractory industry is 210,000 tons / year, which is used to meet the needs of 83% absorption of monolithics refractory raw materials in the form of bauxite rocks with an Al2O3 content of 80 87%. As for domestic refractory raw material manufacturers, they have only been able to meet less than 10% of the total national refractory raw material needs. It is hoped that with the establishment of a refractory bauxite factory, the total production of refractory raw materials can increase and to reduce dependence on imports of Indonesian refractory raw materials. The refractory bauxite plant was established using a series of processes to process natural bauxite raw materials into refractory grade bauxite which has supporting properties for refractory raw materials, where the process in the factory is divided into four main process parts, namely pre treatment, scrubbing, leaching, calcination, and cooling. The establishment or construction plan will be carried out for 3 years with an estimated plant life of 25 years with a predetermined capacity of 210,000 tons per year. To fulfill this production capacity, Operating Expenditures (OPEX) of RP915,841,342,277.16 with Capital Expenditures (CAPEX) of IDR 885,310,817,444.88 are needed. The source of investment funds comes from own capital of 40% and borrowed capital of 60%. Based on economic analysis, the Plant's Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is 18.93% with an interest rate of 7.95% per year and an inflation rate of 1.75%. As for Pay Out Time (POT) for 6 years and 5 months. And the Net Present Value (NPV) of Rp1,104,873,891,419. By looking at the assessment aspects of the economic analysis, it can be said that the Refractory Bauxite Plant from Natural Bauxite is worthy of being established.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Subjects:	T Technology > TH Building construction > TH880 Sustainable buildings. Sustainable construction. Green building
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering
Depositing User:	Yeni Anita Gonti
Date Deposited:	15 Aug 2025 08:16
Last Modified:	15 Aug 2025 08:16
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/128126

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