Kriteria Pelestarian Kawasan Cagar Budaya Darmo Surabaya Berdasarkan Perspektif Morfologi Kota

Perkasa, Muhammad Ilham (2022) Kriteria Pelestarian Kawasan Cagar Budaya Darmo Surabaya Berdasarkan Perspektif Morfologi Kota. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Perubahan bentuk fisik kota pada kawasan cagar budaya memiliki dampak terhadap berubahnya karakter kawasan. Kawasan cagar budaya Darmo di Surabaya mengalami perubahan tersebut. Tampak berubahnya fasad bangunan, bentuk bangunan, persil, blok, dan jalan, serta musnahnya bangunan mengakibatkan pudarnya sense of place kawasan bersejarah dari zaman kolonial Belanda itu. Terlebih, kawasan ini merupakan area yang dikembangkan pada awal abad ke-20 di masa permulaan perencanaan kota secara formal di Indonesia, dan menjadi perluasan Kota Surabaya. Namun, upaya pelestarian kawasan ini yang sekarang ada baru mencakup perlindungan terhadap bangunan secara individu. Untuk mengembalikan, mempertahankan, dan meningkatkan karakter kawasan bersejarah, diperlukan perlindungan kawasan secara menyeluruh. Tuntutan ini berpeluang dijawab oleh disiplin morfologi kota karena dapat mencakup berbagai level kedetailan dalam lingkungan binaan. Kajian morfologi kota merupakan kajian fundamental dalam pengelolaan historic urban landscape (HUL). Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji morfologi kawasan cagar budaya Darmo, yang mana hasilnya menjadi masukan untuk mencapai tujuan utama penelitian ini yaitu merumuskan kriteria pelestarian kawasan cagar budaya Darmo. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan intersubjektif dan menggunakan strategi kombinasi dua fase berupa strategi historikal-interpretatif dan kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan taktik arsip, wawancara mendalam, observasi lapangan, dan studi literatur. Lalu, metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis sejarah berupa metode diakronik dan sinkronik, dan analisis morfologi dengan pendekatan historico-geographical dan typo-morphology. Kemudian dirumuskan kriteria menggunakan triangulasi. Analisis dilakukan dengan resolusi kedetailan pada level makro (kawasan, jalan, blok, persil) dan level mikro (fasad bangunan). Hasil yang didapatkan adalah kawasan cagar budaya Darmo berkembang pada paruh pertama abad ke-20 dalam tiga fase, yakni pra-perencanaan dan perencanaan, pembangunan, dan perluasan. Dari perkembangan itu, diketahui terdapat tiga order dan dua pola pada morfologi kawasan. Selain itu, beberapa tipologi fasad bangunan yang terbentuk dipengaruhi oleh lokasinya pada karakteristik jalan serta fase perkembangan morfologinya. Dengan demikian, dibentuk unit lanskap yang menyatukan bangunan individu menjadi kesatuan kawasan. Unit lanskap dibentuk berbasis karakteristik kawasan dan karakteristik fasad, sebagai landasan bagi pelestarian kawasan cagar budaya ini. Kemudian, kriteria pelestarian yang dirumuskan mencakup level makro dan level mikro pada kawasan cagar budaya Darmo. Dengan perlindungan secara menyeluruh, maka karakteristik kawasan secara utuh dapat tetap lestari.
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Changes in the city's physical form in the cultural heritage area have an impact on changing the area's character. The Darmo cultural heritage area in Surabaya underwent these changes. The changing facade of the building, buildingshape, locks, plots, streets, and demolished buildings have resulted in the fading of the sense of place in this historic area from the Dutch colonial era. Moreover, this area is an area that was developed during the early 20th century at the beginning of formal urban planning in Indonesia and became an extension of Surabaya. However, the current conservation efforts for this area only include the protection of individual buildings. To restore, maintain, and improve the acter of the historic area, it is necessary to protect the area as a whole. This demand has the opportunity to be answered by the discipline of urban morphology because it can cover various levels of detail in the built environment. The tudy of city morphology is fundamental in managing the historic urban landscape (HUL). Therefore, this study aims to examine the morphology of the Darmo cultural heritage area, the results of which are input to achieve the primary goal this research, namely to formulate criteria for the preservation of the Darmo cultural heritage area. This study uses an intersubjective approach and a two-phase combination strategy in the form of historical-interpretative and qualitative strategies. Data collection methods used archival tactics, in-depth interviews, field observations, and literature studies. Then, the analytical method used is historical analysis in diachronic and synchronic methods, and orphological analysis with historicogeographical and typo-morphological approaches. Then the criteria were formulated using triangulation. The analysis was carried out with detailed resolution at the macro level (urban tissue, simple tissue, blocks, and plots) and micro levels (building facades).The results obtained are that the Darmo cultural heritage area developed in the first half of the 20th century in three phases, namely pre-planning and planning, development, and expansion. This development shows three orders and two patterns in the area's morphology. In addition, several typologies of building facades were influenced by their location on the characteristics of the simple tissue and the phase of morphological development. Thus, the landscape units have been formed to unite individual buildings into assemblages. The landscape xv unit is formed based on both the characteristics of the area and the facade as the basis for the preservation of this historic urban landscape. Then, the preservation criteria have been formulated at macro and micro levels in the Darmo cultural heritage area. With comprehensive protection, the characteristics of the area as a whole can remain sustainable.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	cagar budaya; historico-geographical, morfologi kota; pelestarian; tipo-morfologi, historico-geographical, historic urban landscape, typo-morphology, urban morphology; preservation
Subjects:	N Fine Arts > NA Architecture > NA2005 Architectural studios.
Divisions:	Faculty of Architecture, Design, and Planning > Architecture > 23101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Eko Sulistiono
Date Deposited:	15 Sep 2025 03:29
Last Modified:	15 Sep 2025 03:29
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/128223

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