Analisis Profil Mikrobioma Tanah Tercemar Hidrokarbon Di Tambang Minyak Bumi Wonocolo, Bojonegoro, Jawa Timur

Danilyan, Edo (2022) Analisis Profil Mikrobioma Tanah Tercemar Hidrokarbon Di Tambang Minyak Bumi Wonocolo, Bojonegoro, Jawa Timur. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pencemaran total petroleum hydrocarbon merupakan masalah yang serius karena dapat menyebabkan kerusakan lingkungan dan berdampak negatif bagi manusia. Di sebagian besar lingkungan, komunitas mikroba memainkan peran penting dalam fungsi ekosistem. Pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang profil mikrobioma akan meningkatkan kemampuan untuk memanfaatkan keanekaragaman ini dalam meningkatkan kualitas lingkungan melalui remediasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan keragaman mikrobioma di daerah dengan tingkat pencemaran yang berbeda menggunakan pendekatan metagenomik dan menentukan korelasi antara kelimpahan relatif bakteri dengan faktor fisikokimia tanah dan total petroleum hydrocarbon. Data metagonomik didapatkan dengan metode next generation sequencing 16s rRNA V3-V4 region. Pengujian kadar pencemaran dan jenis kontaminan TPH dilakukan dengan gravimeteri dan gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pengujian statistik korelasi antara kelimpahan relatif bakteri dengan factor fisikokimia tanah dan total petroleum hydrocarbon menggunakan coeffecient of rank test dengan menggunakan R Studio (v.4.1.3). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa, titik satu (SoilA) memiliki kandungan TPH sebesar 248.380 mg/kg, titik 2.1 (SoilB) sebesar 141.452 mg/kg, titik 2.2 (SoilC) sebesar 108.912 mg/kg, dan titik 3 (SoilD) sebesar 49.020 mg/kg. Perbedaan kadar pencemaran TPH juga berefek pada profil mikrobioma tanah di tambang minyak bumi Wonocolo, Bojonegoro. Pada level filum didominasi oleh Proteobacteria dengan kelimpahan relatif 36% pada titik SoilA, 47,5% pada titik SoilB, 84% pada titik SoilC dan 29,7% pada titik SoilD. Pada level kelas didominasi oleh kelompok Deltaproteobacteria dan Gammaproteobacteria. SoilA memiliki indeks diversitas paling rendah dengan indeks Shannon sebesar 3.8, sementara SoilD memiliki indeks diversitas Shannon tertinggi yaitu sebesar 6,4. Lokasi dengan cemaran tertinggi didominasi oleh kelompok mikrobioma yang memiliki ketahanan terhadap suhu yang tinggi serta tahan terhadap cekaman kimiawi terutama Smithella propionica. Hasil uji korelasi pada level filum, kelimpahan relatif dari kelompok Aminicenantes, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, dan Synergistetes memiliki korelasi positif kuat yang signifikan terhadap suhu tanah. Sedangkan, pada level kelas, Deltaproteobacteria menunjukkan korelasi positif yang kuat terhadap kandungan TPH (p value <0,05).
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Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) contamination is a serious problem, as it can cause environmental damage and negative effects on human health. In most environments, microbial communities play a critical role in ecosystem functioning. A better understanding of the microbiome profile would increase the ability to manipulate this diversity in order to improve environmental quality through remediation. This study aims to compare the diversity of microbiomes in contaminated areas using a metagenomic approach and determine the correlation between the relative abundance of bacteria with the physicochemical factors and total petroleum hydrocarbon. Metagenomic data were obtained by next-generation sequencing of 16s rRNA V3-V4 region. Pollution levels and types of TPH contaminants were determined using gravimetery and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Correlation between the relative abundance of bacterias with the physicochemical factors and total petroleum hydrocarbon were obtained by performing the coefficient of rank test on R Studio (v.4.1.3). The gravimetry test showed that the first site (SoilA) had a TPH content of 248,380 mg / kg, site 2.1 (SoilB) of 141,452 mg / kg, site 2.2 (SoilC) of 108,912 mg / kg, and site 3 (SoilD) of 49,020 mg / kg. Differences in TPH pollution levels also influence the microbiome profile of the soil at the Wonocolo petroleum mine, Bojonegoro. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria dominated with a relative abundance of 36% at the SoilA, 47.5% at the SoilB, 84% at the SoilC and 29.7% at the SoilD. At the class level, it is dominated by the Deltaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria groups. SoilA has the lowest diversity index with a Shannon index of 3.8, while SoilD has the highest Shannon diversity index of 6.4. The location with the highest contamination was dominated by microbiota that has the ability to withstand high temperature resistance and chemical stress, such as Smithella propionica. The results of the correlation test at the phylum level showed that the relative abundance of the Aminicenantes, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, and Synergistetes groups had a significant strong positive correlation to soil temperature. Meanwhile, at the class level, Deltaproteobacteria showed a strong positive correlation to the content of TPH (p value <0.05).

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Hidrokarbon, metagenomic, mikrobioma, polusi, remediasi, Hydrocarbon, metagenomics, microbiome, pollution, remediation.
Subjects:	Q Science > QH Biology
Divisions:	Faculty of Mathematics and Science > Biology > 46201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Eko Sulistiono
Date Deposited:	30 Sep 2025 03:01
Last Modified:	30 Sep 2025 03:01
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/128477

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