Evaluasi Kinerja Depth Based Routing-Broadcast MAC untuk UWSN dengan Simulasi NS-3 pada Lingkungan Laut

Asmara, Koko Oktavianus (2025) Evaluasi Kinerja Depth Based Routing-Broadcast MAC untuk UWSN dengan Simulasi NS-3 pada Lingkungan Laut. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Komunikasi akustik pada Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSN) menghadapi tantangan akibat multipath, redaman frekuensi tinggi, dan variabilitas Sound Speed Profile (SSP) yang dapat menurunkan reliabilitas jaringan. Permasalahan utama dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana perbedaan kedalaman laut dan frekuensi akustik memengaruhi kinerja protokol komunikasi bawah air. Depth-Based Routing (DBR) dan Broadcast MAC merupakan kombinasi protokol yang umum digunakan dalam UWSN, namun sebagian besar penelitian masih membatasi skala area simulasi serta belum mengaitkannya dengan kondisi kanal akustik nyata sehingga performanya belum teruji untuk penerapan di lingkungan yang lebih luas seperti sistem pemantauan tsunami. Untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut, penelitian ini mensimulasikan DBR dan Broadcast MAC pada Aqua-Sim-NG (NS-3) yang dikombinasikan dengan pemodelan propagasi Bellhop untuk merepresentasikan karakteristik laut dangkal dan laut dalam di Selat Sunda, serta menguji pengaruh frekuensi 3 kHz dan 25 kHz terhadap performa komunikasi berdasarkan parameter Delay, Throughput, dan Packet Loss. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa frekuensi 3 kHz mampu menjaga keberhasilan komunikasi jarak jauh dengan Delay 0,69–0,82 s, Throughput 71–278 bps, dan Packet Loss 0–50%. Sebaliknya, frekuensi 25 kHz menghasilkan Delay lebih rendah 0,52–0,74 s, tetapi Throughput menurun (42–229 bps) dan Packet Loss meningkat hingga 20–70% pada jarak menengah hingga jauh. Dengan demikian, frekuensi rendah lebih sesuai untuk komunikasi jarak jauh yang membutuhkan reliabilitas tinggi, sementara frekuensi tinggi lebih efektif untuk aplikasi jarak pendek dengan kebutuhan Delay rendah dalam implementasi UWSN berbasis DBR dan Broadcast MAC pada lingkungan laut dangkal maupun dalam seperti Selat Sunda.
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Acoustic communication in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) faces significant challenges due to multipath propagation, high-frequency Attenuation, and variability in the Sound Speed Profile (SSP), all of which can degrade network reliability. The main problem addressed in this study is how differences in ocean depth and acoustic frequency affect the performance of underwater communication protocols. Depth-Based Routing (DBR) and Broadcast MAC are commonly used protocol combinations in UWSNs. However, most previous studies have limited the simulation area and have not incorporated realistic acoustic channel conditions, making their performance untested for large-scale applications such as tsunami monitoring systems. To address this gap, this research simulates DBR and Broadcast MAC in Aqua-Sim-NG (NS-3) combined with Bellhop acoustic propagation modeling to represent shallow and deep-sea conditions in the Sunda Strait. The study examines the effect of 3 kHz and 25 kHz operating frequencies on communication performance, evaluated through Delay, Throughput, and Packet Loss metrics. The simulation results show that a 3 kHz frequency maintains long-distance communication reliability with a Delay of 0.69–0.82 s, Throughput of 71–278 bps, and Packet Loss between 0–50%. In contrast, a 25 kHz frequency produces a lower Delay (0.52–0.74 s) but results in reduced Throughput (42–229 bps) and higher Packet Loss (20–70%) over medium to long distances. Thus, low-frequency communication is more suitable for long-range, high-reliability underwater communication, while high-frequency transmission is more effective for short-range applications requiring low latency, as implemented in DBR and Broadcast MAC–based UWSNs under both shallow and deep-sea environments such as the Sunda Strait.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	UWSN, Aqua-Sim-NG, Bellhop, Transmission Loss, Thorp Attenuation, DBR, Broadcast MAC
Subjects:	T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK5101 Telecommunication
Divisions:	Faculty of Intelligent Electrical and Informatics Technology (ELECTICS) > Electrical Engineering > 20101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Koko Oktavianus Asmara
Date Deposited:	12 Nov 2025 08:17
Last Modified:	12 Nov 2025 08:17
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/128777

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