Evaluasi Efektivitas Strategi Pengelolaan Air Limbah Domestik dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Sanitasi di Kecamatan Kebomas, Gresik

Sa'dy, Mohammad Arsyad (2026) Evaluasi Efektivitas Strategi Pengelolaan Air Limbah Domestik dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Sanitasi di Kecamatan Kebomas, Gresik. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Kecamatan Kebomas menghadapi tantangan besar dalam pemenuhan standar sanitasi akibat operasional IPAL Komunal yang tidak optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas strategi pengelolaan air limbah domestik melalui tiga pilar evaluasi utama. Metode penelitian yang digunakan meliputi analisis teknis melalui uji laboratorium terhadap parameter BOD, COD, dan TSS serta perhitungan efisiensi penyisihan, analisis kelembagaan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif untuk menilai kapasitas pengurus KPP, dan analisis finansial melalui survei kuesioner kepada 86 responden pelanggan untuk memetakan kepatuhan iuran dan dukungan masyarakat. Hasil penelitian mengungkap temuan krusial pada aspek teknis di mana seluruh IPAL lokasi studi evaluasi (Karangmas, Sentosa, dan Sejahtera) mengalami kondisi underloading berat dengan konsentrasi COD influen hanya mencapai 15% dari beban desain yang mengindikasikan adanya pengenceran air limbah yang signifikan. Pada aspek kelembagaan ditemukan adanya gap di mana meskipun pengurus telah menerima pelatihan namun indeks kesadaran dalam menjalankan tupoksi masih rendah yang menyebabkan pemeliharaan bersifat reaktif. Sedangkan aspek finansial tercatat bahwa rendahnya dukungan SDM pelanggan berhubungan langsung terhadap ketidakstabilan kas operasional di mana dana yang terkumpul tidak mencukupi untuk biaya depresiasi atau kerusakan besar. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut rekomendasi strategis yang diusulkan secara teknis melakukan investigasi ulang sambungan rumah guna memastikan seluruh grey water masuk ke sistem untuk mengoptimalkan kinerja biologis reaktor. Dari aspek kelembagaan melakukan formalisasi KPP melalui legalitas hukum yang kuat. Sedangkan secara finansial menerapkan sistem tarif proporsional yang transparan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa strategi sanitasi di Kecamatan Kebomas harus bergeser dari sekadar pembangunan fisik menuju penguatan tata kelola berbasis partisipasi masyarakat untuk menjamin keberlanjutan layanan jangka panjang.
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Kebomas District faces significant challenges in meeting sanitation standards due to the suboptimal operation of Communal Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs). This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of domestic wastewater management strategies through three primary pillars of evaluation. The research methodology involves a technical analysis through laboratory testing of BOD, COD, and TSS parameters along with removal efficiency calculations, an institutional analysis using descriptive qualitative methods to assess the capacity of the Management Group (KPP), and a financial analysis conducted via questionnaires distributed to 86 customer respondents to map fee compliance and community support. The results reveal crucial findings in the technical aspect where all WWTPs in the study locations (Karangmas, Sentosa, and Sejahtera) experience severe underloading conditions, with influent COD concentrations reaching only 15% of the design load, indicating significant wastewater dilution. In the institutional aspect, a gap was identified where, despite receiving training, the management’s awareness index in executing core duties remains low, leading to reactive maintenance. Regarding the financial aspect it was noted that low human resource support from customers is directly related to operational cash instability where collected funds are insufficient to cover depreciation costs or major repairs. Based on these findings, the proposed strategic recommendations include a technical re-investigation of house connections to ensure all greywater enters the system to optimize the reactor's biological performance. Institutionally, the formalization of KPP through strong legal standing is required, while financially, a transparent and proportional tariff system should be implemented. This study concludes that the sanitation strategy in Kebomas District must shift from mere physical construction toward strengthening governance based on community participation to ensure long-term service sustainability.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Air Limbah Domestik, IPAL Komunal, Sanitasi, Kebomas, Domestic Wastewater, Communal WWTP, Sanitation, Kebomas
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD433 Water treatment plants
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Mohammad Arsyad Sa'dy
Date Deposited:	22 Jan 2026 08:15
Last Modified:	22 Jan 2026 08:15
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/130076

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