Sintesis Komposit Hydrochar Sabut Kelapa@O-Doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride(HC@OCN) Sebagai Material Fotokatalis Untuk Mendegradasi Enrofloxacin

Sari, Urifatus Eka Kurnia (2026) Sintesis Komposit Hydrochar Sabut Kelapa@O-Doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride(HC@OCN) Sebagai Material Fotokatalis Untuk Mendegradasi Enrofloxacin. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Enrofloxacin merupakan antibiotik yang digunakan dalam bidang kedokteran hewan, peternakan, dan akuakultur untuk mengobati infeksi bakteri. Penggunaan Enrofloxacin yang berlebihan menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan dan ancaman terhadap kualitas air. Solusi untuk menanggulangi permasalahan ini adalah fotokatalisis, teknologi yang mampu mendegradasi senyawa organik berbahaya secara efektif. Graphitic Carbon Nitride memiliki sifat semikonduktor yang baik, namun kurang dalam menyerap cahaya tampak. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan modifikasi berupa doping oksigen dan dikompositkan dengan Hydrochar sabut kelapa untuk meningkatkan kinerja degradasi Enrofloxacin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik komposit, mengevaluasi performanya dalam mendegradasi Enrofloxacin, serta mengkaji mekanisme fotokatalitik yang terjadi. Metode penelitian ini meliputi beberapa tahap, yaitu: (1) preparasi Hydrochar sabut kelapa melalui karbonisasi hidrotermal; (2) preparasi O-Doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride dengan metode kalsinasi; (3) sintesis komposit Hydrochar Sabut Kelapa@O-Doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride melalui metode mechanical mixing; serta (4) pengujian proses fotokatalitik pada berbagai variabel independen, meliputi komposisi komposit (Hydrochar Sabut Kelapa@O-Doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride rasio 5; 10; 15%), dosis komposit (0,5; 1,0; 2,0 g/L), dan konsentrasi awal Enrofloxacin (10; 20; 30 mg/L) di bawah penyinaran cahaya tampak. Metode pengujian konsentrasi sisa Enrofloxacin dilakukan menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis dan HPLC, pengujian jalur degradasi Enrofloxacin menggunakan LC-MS. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa komposit Hydrochar Sabut Kelapa@O-Doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride memiliki morfologi yang terdispersi baik berdasarkan hasil uji SEM, dengan distribusi unsur C, N, dan O yang merata pada hasil EDX. Uji FTIR mengonfirmasi adanya gugus fungsi (O-H, N-H, C-N) yang dapat membantu proses fotokatalis, analisis XRD memperlihatkan pergeseran puncak dari 27,6° menjadi 27,8° yang menandakan perubahan struktur akibat pembentukan komposit. Hasil UV-DRS menunjukkan celah pita sebesar 2,24 eV. Uji fotodegradasi menunjukkan bahwa variabel independen berpengaruh terhadap efisiensi degradasi Enrofloxacin, di mana dosis 2 g/L, rasio komposit 10%, konsentrasi awal Enrofloxacin 10 mg/L) menunjukkan kinerja optimal dengan efisiensi degradasi 93,84% dalam 60 menit. Analisis jalur degradasi mengindikasikan bahwa komposit memecah Enrofloxacin menjadi senyawa sederhana seperti CO2 dan H2O.
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Enrofloxacin is an antibiotic widely used in veterinary medicine, livestock farming, and aquaculture for the treatment of bacterial infections. The excessive use of enrofloxacin leads to environmental contamination and poses a threat to water quality. One effective approach to address this problem is photocatalysis, a technology capable of degrading hazardous organic compounds. Graphitic carbon nitride exhibits favorable semiconductor properties; however, its visible-light absorption is limited. Therefore, oxygen doping and compositing with coconut-shell-derived hydrochar were employed to enhance the degradation performance of enrofloxacin. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of the composite, evaluate its performance in degrading enrofloxacin, and investigate the underlying photocatalytic mechanisms. The research method consisted of several stages: (1) Preparation of Hydrochar through hydrothermal carbonization of coconut husk waste; (2) Preparation of oxygen doped graphitic carbon nitride via calcination; (3) Synthesis of the Coconut Fiber Hydrochar@O-Doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride composite through a mechanical mixing process; and (4) Photocatalytic performance testing of the composite toward Enrofloxacin degradation under various independent variables, including composite composition (Hydrochar@O-Doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride 5, 10, 15%), composite dosage (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 g/L), and initial Enrofloxacin concentration (10, 20, 30 mg/L) under visible light irradiation. Residual Enrofloxacin concentrations were analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and HPLC, while the Enrofloxacin degradation pathway was identified using LC-MS. Characterization showed that the Coconut Fiber Hydrochar@O-Doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride composite had a well dispersed morphology (SEM) and uniform C, N, and O distribution (EDX). FTIR confirmed the presence of O-H, N-H, and C-N groups that enhance photocatalytic activity. XRD indicated a peak shift from 27.6° to 27.8°, suggesting structural modification, while UV-DRS revealed a band gap of 2.24 eV. Photodegradation tests demonstrated that all variables significantly influenced Enrofloxacin degradation, with optimal performance at 2 g/L dosage, 10% composite ratio, and 10 mg/L Enrofloxacin, achieving 93.84% degradation within 60 minutes. LC-MS confirmed successive breakdown reactions leading to Enrofloxacin mineralization into CO2 and H2O.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Enrofloxacin, Fotokatalitik, Komposit Hydrochar Sabut Kelapa@O-Doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride, Uji Karakterisasi
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD195.B56 Biomass energy T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD420 Water pollution T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD433 Water treatment plants
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Urifatus Eka Kurnia Sari
Date Deposited:	23 Jan 2026 01:30
Last Modified:	23 Jan 2026 01:30
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/130147

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