Analisis Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK) dan Evaluasi Tingkat Efisiensi Proses Produksi Semen Berbasis Life Cycle Assessment (LCA): Studi Kasus di PT X

Darmawan, David Eka Rizki Agung (2026) Analisis Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK) dan Evaluasi Tingkat Efisiensi Proses Produksi Semen Berbasis Life Cycle Assessment (LCA): Studi Kasus di PT X. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Industri semen merupakan salah satu penyumbang utama emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK) di sektor industri, terutama akibat proses kalsinasi batu kapur dan pembakaran bahan bakar fosil pada tahap produksi klinker. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan kajian yang komprehensif untuk mengevaluasi besarnya emisi GRK serta kinerja sistem produksi semen, yang dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pada salah satu pabrik semen di Indonesia (PT X) melalui analisis Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) dengan batas sistem gate-to-gate. Penelitian dilakukan secara kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif-analitis melalui studi kasus di PT X. Analisis mencakup seluruh tahapan utama proses produksi semen, mulai dari peremukan bahan baku hingga pengemasan produk. Data sekunder tahun 2024 yang meliputi konsumsi bahan baku, bahan bakar, energi, serta beban emisi tiap unit proses dimodelkan dalam perangkat lunak SimaPro dan dievaluasi menggunakan metode karakterisasi CML-IA Baseline sesuai dengan standar ISO 14040 dan ISO 14044. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK) menjadi kontributor dominan dalam sistem produksi semen PT X. Emisi GRK didominasi oleh karbon dioksida (CO₂) sebesar 0,575 ton/ton semen, diikuti oleh metana (CH₄) sebesar 0,00012 ton/ton semen dan dinitrogen oksida (N₂O) sebesar 0,0000145 ton/ton semen. Hasil Life Cycle Impact Assessment menunjukkan bahwa kategori dampak Global Warming Potential (GWP) merupakan dampak lingkungan terbesar dengan nilai 577 kg CO₂ eq/ton semen, yang hampir seluruhnya dipengaruhi oleh emisi CO₂. Analisis hotspot mengidentifikasi unit kiln sebagai kontributor utama emisi GRK, yang berkaitan dengan proses kalsinasi batu kapur dan pembakaran bahan bakar fosil pada tahap produksi klinker.
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The cement industry is one of the main contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the industrial sector, primarily due to limestone calcination and fossil fuel combustion during the clinker production stage. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment is required to evaluate the magnitude of GHG emissions and the performance of the cement production system, which in this study is conducted at one of the cement plants in Indonesia (PT X) using a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach with a gate-to-gate system boundary. This study employs a quantitative approach with a descriptive-analytical method through a case study at PT X. The analysis covers all major stages of the cement production process, from raw material crushing to product packaging. Secondary data for the year 2024, including raw material consumption, fuel use, energy consumption, and emission loads from each unit process, were modeled using SimaPro software and evaluated using the CML-IA Baseline impact assessment method in accordance with ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 standards. The results indicate that greenhouse gas emissions are the dominant contributors within the cement production system of PT X. GHG emissions are dominated by carbon dioxide (CO₂) at 0.575 ton per ton of cement, followed by methane (CH₄) at 0.00012 ton per ton of cement and nitrous oxide (N₂O) at 0.0000145 ton per ton of cement. The Life Cycle Impact Assessment results show that Global Warming Potential (GWP) is the most significant environmental impact category, with a value of 577 kg CO₂ eq per ton of cement, which is largely driven by CO₂ emissions. Hotspot analysis identifies the kiln unit as the primary contributor to GHG emissions, mainly due to limestone calcination and fossil fuel combustion during clinker production.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Industri Semen, Gas Rumah Kaca, Life Cycle Assessment, gate-to-gate, Global Warming Potential, SimaPro, cement industry, greenhouse gases, Life Cycle Assessment, gate-to-gate, Global Warming Potential, SimaPro.
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD194.6 Environmental impact analysis
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	David Eka Rizki Agung Darmawan
Date Deposited:	23 Jan 2026 01:32
Last Modified:	23 Jan 2026 01:32
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/130148

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