Evaluasi Potensi Biomassa Untuk Co-Firing Dengan Metode Proporsional Nilai Energi Tanaman Kaliandra Dan Batubara Pada PLTU Banko Barat

Purnomo, Bagus Totok (2026) Evaluasi Potensi Biomassa Untuk Co-Firing Dengan Metode Proporsional Nilai Energi Tanaman Kaliandra Dan Batubara Pada PLTU Banko Barat. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

Text 6047231007-Master_Thesis.pdf - Accepted Version Restricted to Repository staff only Download (2MB) | Request a copy

Abstract

Indonesia telah menetapkan target Net Zero Emission (NZE) pada tahun 2060, namun pencapaiannya masih menghadapi tantangan besar karena tingginya ketergantungan terhadap Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU). Hingga saat ini, 130 PLTU yang dioperasikan PT PLN menyumbang 45,43% dari total kapasitas listrik nasional. Salah satu pendekatan transisi energi yang dianggap efektif adalah co-firing, yaitu pemanfaatan biomassa sebagai campuran batubara. Praktik co-firing di Indonesia umumnya menggunakan pendekatan berbasis massa, meskipun metode ini tidak ideal akibat perbedaan nilai kalor dan karakter pembakaran antara batubara dan biomassa. Atas dasar tersebut, penelitian ini menerapkan metode pencampuran berbasis nilai energi agar sesuai dengan kebutuhan desain dan kinerja PLTU 3 × 10 MW Banko. Kaliandra merah dipilih sebagai sumber biomassa karena nilai kalor (4.435–5.757 Kkal/kg) yang relatif mendekati batubara Banko Barat (4.200–4.500 Kkal/kg). Pengujian dilakukan melalui analisis nilai kalor (HHV), kadar air, kadar abu, dan kandungan sulfur. Rasio pencampuran dihitung menggunakan nilai energi berbobot untuk mencapai energi input boiler yang dibutuhkan, dengan simulasi pada tingkat substitusi biomassa 2,5%, 5%, 7,5%, dan 10%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lahan seluas 77,9 ha dengan total 779.094 tanaman kaliandra mampu menghasilkan 1.947,5 ton woodchips atau 1.751,75 ton wood pellet per tahun. Produksi ini hanya dapat menyuplai kebutuhan co-firing PLTU Banko sebesar 1,40% untuk woodchips dan 1,24% untuk wood pellet. Rasio substitusi energi biomassa terhadap batubara diperoleh sebesar 1 : 1,16 untuk woodchips dan 1 : 1,17 untuk wood pellet. Untuk mencapai skenario substitusi 10%, diperlukan luasan lahan sebesar 557 ha untuk woodchips dan 629 ha untuk wood pellet. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa pencampuran biomassa dengan batubara berdasarkan nilai energi lebih sesuai untuk mempertahankan performa operasi PLTU. Selain itu, kebutuhan lahan yang besar menjadi pertimbangan utama dalam perencanaan implementasi co-firing berbasis biomassa dalam jangka panjang.
=================================================================================================================================
Indonesia has committed to achieving Net Zero Emission (NZE) by 2060; however, this target faces significant challenges due to the nation’s heavy reliance on coal-fired power plants (PLTU). Currently, 130 PLTUs operated by PT PLN contribute 45.43% of the national power generation capacity. Co-firing blending biomass with coal has been identified as a viable transition strategy to reduce coal consumption. In Indonesia, co-firing is commonly implemented using mass-based mixing, although this approach is less ideal because biomass and coal differ substantially in heating value and combustion characteristics. Therefore, this study applies an energy-based blending method to ensure compatibility with the design and operational requirements of the 3 × 10 MW Banko Power Plant. Red calliandra biomass was selected due to its heating value (4,435–5,757 kcal/kg), which closely matches Banko Barat coal (4,200–4,500 kcal/kg). The analysis included higher heating value (HHV), ash content, moisture content, and sulfur content for both fuels. Blending ratios were determined using weighted energy values to meet the boiler’s energy demand, with simulations conducted at biomass substitution levels of 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%. Findings indicate that 77.9 hectares of calliandra, comprising 779,094 plants, can produce 1,947.5 tons of woodchips or 1,751.75 tons of wood pellets annually. This amount can only supply 1.40% of the biomass required for co-firing at the Banko PLTU using woodchips and 1.24% using wood pellets. Energy substitution ratios were calculated as 1:1.16 for woodchips and 1:1.17 for wood pellets. To achieve a 10% substitution scenario, approximately 557 hectares of land are required for woodchips and 629 hectares for wood pellets. This study concludes that energy based blending provides a more accurate and reliable approach for maintaining stable operational performance in coal-fired power plants. Additionally, the substantial land requirement presents a key constraint that must be addressed in long-term biomass co-firing planning.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Batubara, Biomassa, Co-firing, Energi, Kaliandra, Rasio, Biomass, Coal, Co-firing, Energy, Kaliandra, Ratio
Subjects:	S Agriculture > S Agriculture (General) T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD195.B56 Biomass energy T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD899.S68 Steam power plants
Divisions:	Interdisciplinary School of Management and Technology (SIMT) > 78201-System And Technology Innovation
Depositing User:	Bagus Totok Purnomo
Date Deposited:	23 Jan 2026 01:44
Last Modified:	23 Jan 2026 01:46
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/130154

Actions (login required)

View Item