Nugroho, Kusnadi Agus (2026) Optimasi Alokasi Material Distribusi Utama (MDU) Perangkat Hubung Bagi Tegangan Rendah (PHBTR) Untuk Efisiensi Biaya Transportasi di PT PLN (Persero) Dengan Menggunakan Goal Programming. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Biaya kirim Material Distribusi Utama (MDU) Perangkat Hubung Bagi Tegangan Rendah (PHBTR) meningkat dari Rp 12,5 Miliar (2023) menjadi Rp 13,9 Miliar (2024), sekaligus masih diikuti isu keterlambatan pengiriman melampaui SLA (30 hari untuk Sumatera dan Jamali; 45 hari untuk Kalimantan dan Sulmapana). Kondisi ini terlihat dari keterlambatan Kontrak Rinci 172 kali (8,35%) pada 2023 dan 149 kali (6,34%) pada 2024, serta volume terlambat 2.223 unit (12,18%) pada 2023 dan 1.448 unit (7,17%) pada 2024. Permasalahan utama adalah bagaimana menyusun model alokasi distribusi yang mempertimbangkan perbedaan biaya antar pemasok dan kebutuhan tiap Unit Induk, agar biaya transportasi lebih efisien sekaligus risiko keterlambatan menurun. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif berbasis data sekunder internal PT PLN pada Triwulan III Tahun 2025, mencakup jaringan 17 pemasok dari beberapa sumber dan 22 Unit Induk Distribusi/Wilayah. Metode yang diterapkan adalah Weighted Goal Programming, dipilih karena permasalahan distribusi MDU PHBTR bersifat multi tujuan dan melibatkan trade off antar sasaran yang harus dicapai secara simultan yakni meminimalkan biaya transportasi sekaligus memastikan pemenuhan kebutuhan masing-masing Unit Induk (service level). Selain itu, Weighted Goal Programming memungkinkan pengambil keputusan menetapkan prioritas dan bobot pada setiap sasaran, serta mengukur deviasi (penyimpangan) dari target sehingga solusi yang dihasilkan tidak hanya termurah, tetapi juga paling sesuai dengan target operasional dan tingkat layanan. Model diselesaikan menggunakan perangkat lunak LINGO. Hasil optimasi menunjukkan total biaya transportasi minimum Rp 2.129.998.480, dengan seluruh deviasi fungsi tujuan bernilai nol (kebutuhan wilayah terpenuhi tanpa penyimpangan). Dibanding rencana alokasi awal Rp 2.704.828.480, terjadi penghematan Rp 574.830.000 (~21,25%), dengan penurunan terbesar pada varian PL-250-2-LBS, PL-400-2-LBS, dan PL-400-4-LBS. Nilai tambah penelitian adalah tersedianya model keputusan alokasi multi-produk–multi-pemasok yang siap diadopsi sebagai dasar evaluasi alokasi/delivery schedule agar biaya logistik lebih terkendali dan layanan pelanggan terpenuhi.
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Logistics costs for Main Distribution Materials of Low-Voltage Switchgear Devices (MDU PHBTR) increased from IDR 12.5 billion (2023) to IDR 13.9 billion (2024) and were accompanied by recurring delivery delays beyond the service level agreement (SLA)—30 days for Sumatera and Jamali, and 45 days for Kalimantan and Sulmapana. This condition is reflected in 172 delayed detailed contract releases (8.35%) in 2023 and 149 (6.34%) in 2024, with delayed volumes of 2,223 units (12.18%) in 2023 and 1,448 units (7.17%) in 2024. The primary problem addressed in this study is how to construct an optimal distribution allocation model that accounts for supplier to supplier cost differences and the demand requirements of each Unit Induk, so that transportation costs can be reduced while the risk of late delivery is mitigated. This research applies a quantitative approach using secondary internal PLN data for Q3 2025, covering a network of 17 suppliers from multiple origins and 22 destination Unit Induk. The proposed method is Weighted Goal Programming (WGP), selected because PHBTR distribution problem is inherently multi-objective and involves operational trade-offs that must be satisfied simultaneously—specifically, minimizing transportation costs while ensuring full demand fulfillment for each Unit Induk to maintain the required service level. In addition, Weighted Goal Programming enables decision-makers to assign priorities and weights to each goal and to explicitly quantify deviations from target values, thereby producing solutions that are not only cost-minimal but also consistent with operational performance targets. The model is solved using the LINGO optimization software. The optimization results yield a minimum total transportation cost of IDR 2.129.998.480, with all goal deviations equal to zero, indicating that regional demand is fulfilled without any deviation from the specified targets. Compared to the initial allocation plan of IDR 2.704.828.480, the proposed solution delivers cost savings of IDR 574.830.000 (approximately 21.25%), with the largest reductions observed for PL-250-2-LBS, PL-400-2-LBS, and PL-400-4-LBS. The main contribution of this study is a practical multi-product, multi-supplier decision model that can be adopted as an analytical basis for evaluating allocation and delivery scheduling, thereby strengthening logistics cost control and improving the reliability of customer service.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Optimasi, Alokasi, Rantai Pasok, Weighted Goal Programming. Optimization, Allocation, Supply Chain, Weighted Goal Programming. |
| Subjects: | T Technology > T Technology (General) > T57.6 Operations research--Mathematics. Goal programming |
| Divisions: | Interdisciplinary School of Management and Technology (SIMT) > 61101-Master of Technology Management (MMT) |
| Depositing User: | Kusnadi Agus Nugroho |
| Date Deposited: | 23 Jan 2026 09:15 |
| Last Modified: | 23 Jan 2026 09:15 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/130252 |
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