Aini, Siti Nur (2026) Analisis Pengaruh Penambahan Massa Holey-rGO Terhadap Sifat Adsorpsi Komposit Magnetic Biochar Limbah Ampas Tebu/MnFe2O4/Holey-rGO Sebagai Adsorben Logam Berat Pb (II) dan Cd (II). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Pencemaran logam berat di perairan merupakan permasalahan lingkungan yang serius karena bersifat toksik, persisten, dan berpotensi menimbulkan dampak kesehatan jangka panjang. Pb(II) dan Cd(II) termasuk logam berat non-esensial yang banyak ditemukan dalam limbah industri dan pertambangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penambahan massa holey-reduced graphene oxide (holey-rGO) terhadap sifat struktur, morfologi, serta kinerja adsorpsi komposit magnetic biochar limbah ampas tebu/MnFe₂O₄/holey-rGO sebagai adsorben ion Pb(II) dan Cd(II). Biochar dari ampas tebu melalui proses pirolisis dan dimodifikasi secara magnetik menggunakan MnFe₂O₄ untuk meningkatkan jumlah situs aktif serta memudahkan pemisahan adsorben menggunakan medan magnet eksternal. Penambahan holey-rGO dilakukan dengan variasi massa sebesar 5, 10, dan 15 %wt untuk meningkatkan luas permukaan, porositas, dan dispersi partikel serta mencegah aglomerasi. Karakterisasi material dilakukan menggunakan X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), dan analisis kadar karbon tetap. Pada hasil pengujian XRD terdapat beberapa puncak pada 2θ = 33,0458°, 35,5120°, 53,8431°, dan 62° menunjukan adanya senyawa MnFe2O4. Selanjutnya, pada hasil pengujian FTIR komposit magnetic biochar/ MnFe₂O₄/Holey-rGO terdapat gugus fungsi yang terbentuk yaitu -OH, C≡C, C=C, C-O, C=O, Fe-O, dan Mn-O. Pada hasil pengujian SEM, morfologi komposit magnetic biochar/MnFe₂O₄/Holey-rGO menunjukkan permukaan yang kasar dan berpori, dengan partikel MnFe₂O₄ yang terdistribusi pada permukaan biochar serta di antara lembaran holey-rGO. Hasil pengujian EDX didapatkan unsur-unsur utama penyusun material komposit seperti C, O, Fe, dan Mn yang mengindikasikan komposit magnetic biochar/MnFe2O4/holey-rGO. Pada hasil pengujian BET diperoleh nilai surface area holey-rGO yaitu sebesar 474,333 m2/g dengan ukuran pori sebesar 3,28559 nm yang termasuk jenis mesopori. Berdasarkan hasil uji AAS didapatkan data bahwa komposit magnetic biochar/MnFe2O4 memiliki tingkat efisiensi adsorpsi logam berat Pb(II) tertinggi sebesar 73,50%. Sementara, komposit magnetic biochar/MnFe2O4/holey-rGO dengan variasi 10% memiliki tingkat efisiensi adsorpsi logam berat Cd(II) tertinggi sebesar 93,55%.
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Heavy metal pollution in water is a serious environmental problem because it is toxic, persistent, and has the potential to cause long-term health effects. Pb(II) and Cd(II) are non-essential heavy metals that are commonly found in industrial and mining waste. This study aims to analyze the effect of adding holey-reduced graphene oxide (holey-rGO) on the structural properties, morphology, and adsorption performance of magnetic biochar composite from bagasse waste/MnFe₂O₄/holey-rGO as an adsorbent for Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions. Biochar was synthesized from bagasse through pyrolysis and magnetically modified using MnFe₂O₄ to increase the number of active sites and facilitate the separation of adsorbents using an external magnetic field. Holey-rGO was added at varying masses of 5, 10, and 15% wt to increase the surface area, porosity, and particle dispersion and prevent agglomeration. Material characterization was performed using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and fixed carbon content analysis. The XRD test results showed several peaks at 2θ = 33.0458°, 35.5120°, 53.8431°, and 62°, indicating the presence of MnFe2O4 compounds. Furthermore, the FTIR test results of the magnetic biochar/MnFe₂O₄/Holey-rGO composite showed the formation of functional groups, namely -OH, C≡C, C=C, C-O, C=O, Fe-O, and Mn-O. The SEM test results showed that the morphology of the magnetic biochar/MnFe₂O₄/Holey-rGO composite had a rough and porous surface, with MnFe₂O₄ particles distributed on the biochar surface and between the holey-rGO sheets. EDX testing results obtained the main elements that make up the composite material, such as C, O, Fe, and Mn, which indicate the magnetic biochar/MnFe₂O₄/holey-rGO composite. The BET test results obtained a holey-rGO surface area value of 474.333 m2/g with a pore size of 3.28559 nm, which is classified as mesoporous. Based on the AAS test results, it was found that the magnetic biochar/MnFe2O4 composite had the highest Pb(II) heavy metal adsorption efficiency of 73.50%. Meanwhile, the magnetic biochar/MnFe₂O₄/Holey-rGO composite with a 10% variation had the highest Cd(II) heavy metal adsorption efficiency of 93,55%.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Ampas Tebu, Magnetic Biochar, MnFe₂O₄, holey-rGO, Adsorpsi, Logam Berat, Sugarcane Bagasse, Magnetic Biochar, Adsorption, Heavy Metal |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD547 Flocculation, precipitation, adsorption, etc. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Material & Metallurgical Engineering > 28201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Siti Nur Aini |
| Date Deposited: | 26 Jan 2026 08:59 |
| Last Modified: | 26 Jan 2026 08:59 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/130397 |
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