Analisa Numerik dan Eksperimen Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) Berbasis Air dengan Saluran Persegi Panjang

Zohri, Muhammad (2026) Analisa Numerik dan Eksperimen Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) Berbasis Air dengan Saluran Persegi Panjang. Doctoral thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Permintaan energi terbarukan yang terus meningkat telah mendorong pengembangan teknologi Photovoltaic-Thermal (PVT). Teknologi PVT sangat menguntungkan karena menghasilkan energi listrik dan thermal bersamaan. Teknologi ini terus dikembangkan khususnya kolektor pendingin berbasis fluida air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja termal, kinerja listrik dan efisiensi sistem PVT dengan konfigurasi saluran persegi panjang melalui pendekatan simulasi dan eksperimen. Pendekatan simulasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan variasi laju aliran massa air dari 0.001 kg/s hingga 0.009 kg/s atau sembilan variasi dan intensitas radiasi matahari dari 500 W/m2, 600 W/m2, 700 W/m2, 800 W/m2, 900 W/m2 hingga 1000 W/m². Validasi eksperimen dilakukan secara indoor di laboratorium perpindahan panas, Teknik Mesin, kampus Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS). Variasi laju aliran fluida adalah lima variasi (0.002 kg/s, 0.004 kg/s, 0.006 kg/s, 0.008 kg/s dan 0,009 kg/s) dan tiga tingkat intensitas (500, 700, dan 900 W/m²). Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi termal dan keseluruhan sistem PVT meningkat secara signifikan dengan penggunaan saluran persegi panjang. Efisiensi maksimum PVT tercatat sebesar 76.23% pada intensitas 500 W/m², sementara efisiensi PV tertinggi mencapai 11.93%. Analisis keberlanjutan menunjukkan indeks keberlanjutan (SI) tertinggi sebesar 1.186 pada 1000 W/m², dengan potensi peningkatan (IP) maksimum sebesar 421.145 W. Rasio eksergi terbuang (WER) tertinggi adalah 0.854 pada 500 W/m², dan indeks ekologi eksergi (EcEI) tertinggi adalah −0.687 pada 1000 W/m². Validasi eksperimen menunjukkan akurasi tinggi terhadap hasil simulasi, dengan efisiensi PVT mencapai 88.79%, efisiensi eksergi 94.39%, dan akurasi SI, IP, WER, serta EcEI masing-masing di atas 97%. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa konfigurasi saluran persegi panjang dalam sistem PVT berbasis air mampu meningkatkan efisiensi energi, eksergi dan keberlanjutan sistem secara signifikan. Implikasi dari studi ini memberikan dasar kuat bagi pengembangan teknologi PVT masa depan yang lebih efisien dan ramah lingkungan.
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The growing demand for renewable energy has accelerated the development of Photovoltaic-Thermal (PVT) technology. PVT systems are particularly advantageous as they generate both electrical and thermal energy simultaneously. Current research and innovation are especially focused on advancing water-based cooling collectors. This study aims to evaluate the thermal performance and efficiency of a PVT system with a rectangular channel configuration through simulation and experimental approaches. The simulation was conducted using variations in water mass flow rates ranging from 0.001 kg/s to 0.009 kg/s and solar radiation intensities of 500 W/m², 600 W/m², 700 W/m², 800 W/m², 900 W/m², and 1000 W/m². Experimental validation was carried out indoors at the Heat Transfer Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS). The fluid flow rate variations consisted of five levels (0.002 kg/s, 0.004 kg/s, 0.006 kg/s, 0.008 kg/s and 0,009 kg/s) and three radiation intensities (500, 700, and 900 W/m²). The findings reveal that rectangular channels significantly enhance both thermal and overall PVT efficiency. The maximum PVT efficiency reached 76.23% at 500 W/m², while the highest PV efficiency was 11.93%. Sustainability analysis showed a peak Sustainability Index (SI) of 1.186 at 1000 W/m², with the highest Improvement Potential (IP) of 421.145 W. The maximum Waste Exergy Ratio (WER) was 0.854 at 500 W/m², and the highest Exergetic Ecological Index (EcEI) was −0.687 at 1000 W/m². Experimental validation demonstrated high accuracy across all metrics: 88.79% for PVT efficiency, 94.39% for exergy efficiency, and over 97% accuracy for SI, IP, WER, and EcEI. These results confirm that water-based rectangular channels in PVT systems offer substantial improvements in energy efficiency and sustainability. The study provides a strong foundation for future advancements in PVT technology, promoting more efficient and environmentally friendly energy solutions.

Item Type:	Thesis (Doctoral)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Photovoltaic Thermal, Energy, Exergy, Improvement Potential, Sustainability Index, Waste Exergy Ratio, Exergetic Ecological Index, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), Experiment
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ808 Renewable energy sources. Energy harvesting. T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ810.5 Solar energy
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21001-(S3) PhD Thesis
Depositing User:	Muhammad Zohri
Date Deposited:	27 Jan 2026 03:46
Last Modified:	27 Jan 2026 03:46
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/130434

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