Zulkifli, Hairul (2025) Analisis Pengamatan Pasang Surut Air Laut Menggunakan Metode Global Navigation Satellite System Interferometric Reflectometry (GNSS-IR). Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November.
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Abstract
Pemantauan pasang surut laut merupakan aspek penting dalam kajian oseanografi, geodesi, dan mitigasi bencana pesisir. Namun, implementasinya di Indonesia masih terbatas akibat minimnya jaringan tide gauge konvensional. Seiring dengan kemajuan teknologi, metode Global Navigation Satellite System Interferometric Reflectometry (GNSS-IR) muncul sebagai alternatif inovatif yang memanfaatkan pantulan sinyal GNSS terhadap permukaan laut untuk mengestimasi tinggi muka air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan GNSS-IR dalam mendeteksi dan memodelkan fluktuasi pasang surut laut serta membandingkannya dengan hasil pengamatan tide gauge konvensional. Data yang digunakan berasal dari delapan stasiun Cors GNSS (CBEL, CLKI, CSDG, CGOA, CBRG, CLMP, CHAI, dan CPSK) periode tahun 2024. Ekstraksi data GNSS menggunakan perangkat lunak GNSSRefl untuk memperoleh parameter signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) dan hasil transformasi Lomb–Scargle periodogram sebagai dasar estimasi elevasi muka laut. Hasil pengolahan GNSS-IR divalidasi terhadap data tide gauge konvensional menggunakan parameter statistik seperti RMSE, MAE, bias, R, R², dan NSE. Hasil menunjukkan GNSS-IR mampu merepresentasikan dinamika pasang surut dengan akurasi tinggi pada stasiun dengan kondisi refleksi sinyal stabil seperti CPSK, CHAI, dan CBEL (R ≥ 0,90; RMSE 0,10–0,37 m), sementara penurunan akurasi terjadi pada stasiun dengan gangguan multipath signifikan. Analisis harmonik menunjukkan dominasi komponen diurnal, sedangkan nilai Formzahl Number mengindikasikan tipe pasang surut campuran berganda. Secara keseluruhan, metode GNSS-IR dengan GNSSRefl terbukti efisien, ekonomis, dan tangguh terhadap kondisi cuaca ekstrem, sehingga berpotensi besar dikembangkan sebagai sistem pemantauan pasang surut dan perubahan muka laut jangka panjang di wilayah pesisir Indonesia.
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Tidal monitoring is a crucial aspect of oceanography, geodesy, and coastal disaster mitigation. However, its implementation in Indonesia remains limited due to the sparse network of conventional tide gauges. In line with technological advancements, the Global Navigation Satellite System Interferometric Reflectometry (GNSS-IR) method emerges as an innovative alternative that utilizes the reflection of GNSS signals off the sea surface to estimate water level without requiring additional sensors. This research aims to analyze the capability of GNSS-IR in detecting and modeling sea level tidal fluctuations and to compare the results with conventional tide gauge observations. The data used originates from eight permanent GNSS CORS stations (CBEL, CLKI, CSDG, CGOA, CBRG, CLMP, CHAI, and CPSK) during the 2024 period, featuring varying coastal environment characteristics. GNSS data extraction was performed using the GNSSRefl software to obtain signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) parameters and Lomb–Scargle periodogram transformation results as the basis for sea level elevation estimation. The processed GNSS-IR results were validated against conventional tide gauge data using statistical parameters such as RMSE, MAE, bias, R, R2, and NSE. The results indicate that GNSS-IR is capable of representing tidal dynamics with high accuracy at stations with stable signal reflection conditions, such as CPSK, CHAI, and CBEL (R≥0.90; RMSE 0.10–0.37 m), while accuracy degradation occurred at stations with significant multipath interference. Harmonic analysis showed the dominance of diurnal components, and the Formzahl Number values indicated a mixed semidiurnal tidal type. Overall, the GNSS-IR method utilizing GNSSRefl proves to be efficient, economical, and robust against extreme weather conditions, thus possessing great potential for development as a long-term system for tidal and sea level change monitoring in Indonesia's coastal areas.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | GNSS interferometric reflectometry (GNSS-IR), GNSSRefl, Pasang Surut, tide gauge. GNSS, GNSS interferometric reflectometry (GNSS-IR),GNSSRefl, Tides, tide gauge. |
| Subjects: | G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > G Geography (General) > G109.5 Global Positioning System G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > G Geography (General) > G70.5.I4 Remote sensing G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > GC Oceanography > GC89 Sea Level |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning > Geomatics Engineering > 29101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Hairul Zulkifli Zulkifli |
| Date Deposited: | 27 Jan 2026 03:30 |
| Last Modified: | 27 Jan 2026 03:30 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/130502 |
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