Riyanto, M. Farel Putra (2026) Analisis Dan Optimisasi Koordinasi Proteksi Di Gardu Induk Cibabat Baru Jaringan 150kV/20kV Menggunakan Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Gardu Induk Cibabat Baru merupakan salah satu gardu induk 150 kV/20 kV milik PT PLN (Persero) yang menyuplai jaringan distribusi ke wilayah Kota Cimahi. Pada jaringan ini terpasang berbagai peralatan proteksi sebagai pengaman ketika terjadi gangguan, termasuk rele arus lebih. Berdasarkan kondisi lapangan ditemukan permasalahan koordinasi proteksi, yaitu rele Penyulang Tokyo cenderung bekerja terlalu sensitif dan lebih dahulu trip dibandingkan peralatan proteksi di sisi downstream, sehingga meningkatkan risiko padam meluas pada sisi distribusi. Kondisi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa setting koordinasi proteksi existing masih perlu dianalisis dan dievaluasi agar kinerja proteksi menjadi lebih selektif dan andal. Dalam tugas akhir ini dilakukan analisis koordinasi proteksi rele arus lebih gangguan fasa dengan dua pendekatan, yaitu perhitungan manual (konvensional) dan optimisasi menggunakan algoritma Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Pada metode perhitungan manual, ditentukan nilai time dial setting (TDS), overcurrent pickup, instantaneous pickup, dan time delay dengan mempertahankan tipe kurva karakteristik existing (IEC Standard Inverse) agar hasil resetting mencerminkan kondisi operasional di lapangan. Pada metode PSO, variabel yang dioptimisasi adalah TDS dan arus pickup overcurrent (invers) dengan tujuan memperoleh kombinasi setting yang menghasilkan Coordination Time Interval (CTI) paling kecil namun tetap berada dalam rentang standar 0,2–0,4 detik. Hasil analisis dan evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa perhitungan manual mampu memperbaiki kondisi existing dengan menghasilkan nilai CTI yang lebih kecil dan seluruh pasangan rele berada dalam rentang standar. Sementara itu, metode PSO menghasilkan setting dengan nilai CTI yang lebih minimum dibandingkan hasil perhitungan manual, dengan waktu komputasi kurang dari satu detik untuk satu kombinasi kurva. Dengan demikian, program PSO yang dikembangkan layak digunakan sebagai alat bantu dan acuan dalam menentukan setting rele arus lebih minimum yang selektif dan cepat, khususnya pada jaringan distribusi radial seperti di GI Cibabat Baru. Perhitungan manual tetap direkomendasikan sebagai dasar referensi re-setting, sedangkan PSO berperan sebagai metode optimisasi proteksi yang mendukung pengambilan keputusan engineer.
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Cibabat Baru Substation is a 150 kV/20 kV substation owned by PT PLN (Persero) that supplies distribution networks in the Cimahi City area. In this network, various protection devices are installed to safeguard the system during faults, including overcurrent relays. Field observations indicate a protection coordination problem, in which the Tokyo feeder relay tends to operate too sensitively and trips earlier than the downstream protection devices, thereby increasing the risk of widespread outages on the distribution side. This condition shows that the existing protection coordination settings still need to be analyzed and evaluated so that the protection performance becomes more selective and reliable.In this final project, an analysis of overcurrent relay coordination for phase faults is carried out using two approaches: manual (conventional) calculation and optimization using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. In the manual calculation method, the time dial setting (TDS), overcurrent pickup, instantaneous pickup, and time delay are determined while maintaining the existing characteristic curve type (IEC Standard Inverse), so that the resulting re-setting reflects actual operating conditions in the field. In the PSO-based method, the variables optimized are the TDS and inverse overcurrent pickup current, with the objective of obtaining a combination of settings that yields the smallest possible Coordination Time Interval (CTI) while remaining within the standard range of 0.2–0.4 seconds. The analysis and evaluation results show that the manual calculation method improves the existing condition by producing smaller CTI values, with all relay pairs falling within the standard range. Meanwhile, the PSO method produces relay settings with even lower CTI values than the manual calculation results, with a computation time of less than one second for a single curve combination. Therefore, the developed PSO program is suitable to be used as a supporting tool and reference in determining minimum overcurrent relay settings that are both selective and fast, particularly in radial distribution networks such as that of Cibabat Baru Substation. Manual calculation is still recommended as the fundamental reference for re-setting, while PSO serves as an optimization method that supports engineers in making protection-setting decisions.
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