Pengaruh Penambahan Biochar Dan Pupuk Organik Pada Tanah Bekas Tambang Bauksit Untuk Mendukung Pertumbuhan Tanaman Akasia

Dwipa, Surya Wicaksana Satria (2026) Pengaruh Penambahan Biochar Dan Pupuk Organik Pada Tanah Bekas Tambang Bauksit Untuk Mendukung Pertumbuhan Tanaman Akasia. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

Text 5014211054-Undergraduate_Thesis.pdf - Accepted Version Restricted to Repository staff only Download (3MB) | Request a copy

Abstract

Lahan bekas tambang bauksit di Indonesia, khususnya di Kepulauan Riau, mengalami degradasi parah dengan karakteristik tanah yang masam (pH 5,67), kandungan karbon organik sangat rendah (TOC 1,10%), serta defisiensi hara makro—terutama Nitrogen total (0,25%), Fosfor tersedia (1,08 ppm), dan Kalium dapat dipertukarkan (0,11 me/100g)—yang membuat pertumbuhan tanaman terhambat secara signifikan. Kondisi ini memerlukan strategi reklamasi yang komprehensif melalui perbaikan media tanam menggunakan pupuk organik dan biochar yang mampu meningkatkan sifat fisikokimia dan biologi tanah secara berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang mengevaluasi dua perlakuan utama: kombinasi pupuk organik BU8 dengan tiga jenis biochar (tempurung kelapa, sekam padi, ampas kopi), dan kombinasi vermicompost dengan tiga jenis biochar yang sama. Setiap unit percobaan berupa polybag (30×35 cm) berisi tanah bekas tambang bauksit dengan pengulangan dua kali per perlakuan. Dosis pupuk organik ditetapkan setara 20 ton/ha (630 g/polybag) dan biochar 10 ton/ha (315 g/polybag). Parameter yang diamati meliputi sifat kimia tanah (pH, Total Organik Karbon, N-total, P-tersedia, K-dapat dipertukarkan) dan parameter pertumbuhan tanaman (tinggi, diameter, jumlah daun, dan biomassa). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi BU8 dengan biochar sekam padi (P1.2) dan ampas kopi (P1.3) paling efektif meningkatkan pH tanah dari kondisi masam (5,8 dan 4,9) menjadi pH netral (6,85 dan 6,10). Penurunan signifikan Total Organik Karbon (32,9% pada P1.3 dan 32,5% pada P2.3) mengindikasikan aktivitas biologis tanah yang tinggi dengan peningkatan ketersediaan N-total dan P-total. Untuk pertumbuhan tanaman, kombinasi BU8 dengan biochar sekam padi (P1.2) menghasilkan tinggi terbaik (47,0 cm), sementara vermicompost dengan biochar tempurung kelapa (P2.1) menghasilkan diameter batang paling superior (3,45 mm) dengan rasio T/D terendah (114,7), mengindikasikan kualitas bibit premium. Kesimpulannya, kombinasi pupuk organik dengan biochar terbukti meningkatkan ketersediaan hara tanah dan mendukung pertumbuhan Acacia crassicarpa, sehingga menjadi strategi reklamasi yang efektif untuk lahan bekas tambang bauksit.
==================================================================================================================================
Post-bauxite mining lands in Indonesia, particularly on Bintan Island, have undergone severe degradation characterized by acidic pH (5.67), low organic carbon content (1.10%), and macronutrient deficiencies (N, P, K), which inhibit plant growth. Reclamation of these lands requires soil media improvement through the addition of organic fertilizer and biochar that can potentially enhance the physicochemical properties of the soil to support the growth of pioneer species such as Acacia crassicarpa. This research employed an experimental method using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) that evaluated two main treatment groups: combination of BU8 organic fertilizer with three types of biochar (coconut shell, rice husk, coffee waste), and combination of vermicompost with the same three biochar types. Each experimental unit consisted of polybags (30×35 cm) filled with post-bauxite mining soil, with two replications per treatment. Organic fertilizer dose was set equivalent to 20 tons/ha (630 g/polybag) and biochar 10 tons/ha (315 g/polybag). Parameters observed included soil chemical properties (pH, Total Organic Carbon, total N, available P, exchangeable K) and plant growth parameters (height, diameter, leaf count, and biomass). The results demonstrated that the combination of BU8 organic fertilizer with rice husk biochar (P1.2) and coffee waste biochar (P1.3) were most effective in increasing soil pH from acidic conditions (5.8 and 4.9) to neutral pH (6.85 and 6.10). Significant decrease in Total Organic Carbon (32.9% in P1.3 and 32.5% in P2.3) indicated high soil biological activity with increased availability of total N and available P. For plant growth, the combination of BU8 fertilizer with rice husk biochar (P1.2) yielded the best plant height (47.0 cm), while the combination of vermicompost with coconut shell biochar (P2.1) produced the most superior stem diameter (3.45 mm) with the lowest Height/Diameter ratio (114.7), indicating premium-quality seedlings for field transplantation.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	lahan bekas tambang bauksit, biochar, pupuk organik, vermicompost, Acacia crassicarpa, reklamasi, post-bauxite mining land, biochar, organic fertilizer, vermicompost, Acacia crassicarpa, reclamation
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD192.5 Bioremediation
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Surya Wicaksana Satria Dwipa
Date Deposited:	28 Jan 2026 02:43
Last Modified:	28 Jan 2026 02:43
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/130739

Actions (login required)

View Item