Kuantifikasi Emisi Gas CH4, CO2, N2O, CO, NO₂, SO₂, Dan PM Pada Proses Produksi Semen (Studi Kasus : PT X)

Johanes, Yesyuael Lano Clan Johanes (2026) Kuantifikasi Emisi Gas CH4, CO2, N2O, CO, NO₂, SO₂, Dan PM Pada Proses Produksi Semen (Studi Kasus : PT X). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Industri semen Indonesia menyumbang 27,97% emisi GRK sektor industri nasional dengan proses kalsinasi dan pembakaran sebagai sumber utama CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, CO, NO₂, SO₂, dan PM (Kemenperin, 2012). Di tengah kebutuhan pembangunan infrastruktur yang terus meningkat, diperlukan pengelolaan emisi yang terukur agar pertumbuhan industri tetap sejalan dengan target penurunan emisi nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkuantifikasi dan menganalisis emisi tersebut dari seluruh rangkaian proses produksi semen di PT X. Studi ini juga menilai kualitas data emisi terhadap pedoman nasional dan internasional untuk merumuskan rekomendasi pengendalian emisi guna meningkatkan kinerja lingkungan dan efisiensi produksi perusahaan. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah studi kuantitatif berbasis data sekunder satu tahun operasi penuh, mencakup konsumsi bahan bakar, listrik, data pemantauan cerobong, dan produksi semen 7.851.313 ton/tahun. Inventarisasi emisi dilakukan dengan kombinasi metode tier 1–2 berbasis faktor emisi IPCC 2006, Permen LHK No. 12/2012, dan Juknis Kemenperin 2012, serta tier 3 berbasis pengukuran CEMS dan perhitungan laju alir gas buang. Selanjutnya, dihitung intensitas emisi spesifik, lalu dilakukan benchmarking dengan pabrik semen lain di Indonesia. Dilakukan juga analisis tren emisi, lalu perbandingan US EPA AP‑42 dan tier 3 untuk PM, dan penyusunan rekomendasi teknis pengendalian emisi. Hasil menunjukkan total emisi gas rumah kaca 4.596.379 ton CO₂e/tahun, terdiri atas 4.048.723 ton CO₂ primer dari kalsinasi dan pembakaran, 537.502 ton CO₂ sekunder listrik, SO₂ 1.062 ton/tahun, CO 11.982 ton/tahun, NO₂ 2.362 ton/tahun, CH₄ 59,13 ton/tahun, dan N₂O 32,07 ton/tahun, dengan intensitas emisi spesifik 0,585 ton CO₂e/ton semen. Unit kiln–cooler dengan proses kalsinasinya menjadi kontributor utama beban GRK dan PM, disusul raw Mill dan Coal Mill, sementara konsentrasi PM, NO₂, dan SO₂ di cerobong masih memenuhi baku mutu nasional. Perbandingan antara AP-42 dan tier 3 IPCC menunjukkan tier 3 menghasilkan beban PM 296 ton/tahun, sekitar 12,1% lebih rendah dari estimasi 337 ton/tahun metode US EPA AP‑42, sehingga tier 3 dinilai lebih representatif untuk kondisi aktual. Hasil benchmarking menempatkan PT X tetap kompetitif terkait intensitas emisi spesifik dan kinerja pengendalian emisinya namun masih memiliki ruang penurunan emisi melalui peningkatan efisiensi energi, penurunan rasio klinker, optimalisasi bahan bakar alternatif, dan upgrade teknologi pengendalian partikulat hingga <10 mg/Nm³ di cerobong.
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The Indonesian cement industry contributes 27.97% of national industrial GHG emissions, with calcination and combustion processes as the main sources of CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, CO, NO₂, SO₂, and PM (Kemenperin, 2012). Amid the increasing need for infrastructure development, measured emission management is required to align industrial growth with national emission reduction targets. This research aims to quantify and analyze these emissions across the entire cement production process at PT X. The study also assesses emission data quality against national and international guidelines to formulate emission control recommendations that enhance the company's environmental performance and production efficiency. The approach used is a quantitative study based on one full year of secondary operational data, covering fuel consumption, electricity use, stack monitoring data, and cement production of 7,851,313 tons/year. Emission inventory was conducted using a combination of Tier 1–2 methods based on emission factors from IPCC 2006, Permen LHK No. 12/2012, and Juknis Kemenperin 2012, as well as Tier 3 methods based on CEMS measurements and flue gas flow rate calculations. Subsequently, specific emission intensity was calculated, followed by benchmarking against other cement plants in Indonesia. Emission trend analysis, comparison of US EPA AP-42 and Tier 3 for PM, and preparation of technical emission control recommendations were also performed. Results show total greenhouse gas emissions of 4,596,379 tons CO₂e/year, consisting of 4,048,723 tons primary CO₂ from calcination and combustion, 537,502 tons secondary CO₂ from electricity, SO₂ 1,062 tons/year, CO 11,982 tons/year, NO₂ 2,362 tons/year, CH₄ 59.13 tons/year, and N₂O 32.07 tons/year, with a specific emission intensity of 0.585 tons CO₂e/ton cement. The kiln-cooler unit, with its calcination process, is the main contributor to GHG and PM loads, followed by raw mill and coal mill, while stack concentrations of PM, NO₂, and SO₂ still meet national emission standards. Comparison between AP-42 and IPCC Tier 3 shows Tier 3 yields a PM load of 296 tons/year, about 12.1% lower than the 337 tons/year estimate from the US EPA AP-42 method, making Tier 3 more representative of actual plant conditions. Benchmarking results position PT X as still competitive in terms of specific emission intensity and emission control performance but with room for emission reduction through improved energy efficiency, lower clinker ratio, optimization of alternative fuels, and upgrading particulate control technology to <10 mg/Nm³ at the stack

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	semen, industri semen, pengendalian emisi, inventarisasi, faktor emisi, benchmarking, intensitas emisi spesifik. cement, cement industry, emission control, emission inventory, emission factor, benchmarking, specific emission intensity
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD883 Air quality management. T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD890 Global Environmental Monitoring System
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Yesyuael Lano Clan Johanes
Date Deposited:	28 Jan 2026 02:49
Last Modified:	28 Jan 2026 02:49
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/130745

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