Optimasi Penentuan Stasiun Pengisian Kendaraan Listrik Umum (Spklu) Menggunakan Metode Mixed Integer Linear Programming di Kota Bogor

Firdaus, Fitri Nurul (2026) Optimasi Penentuan Stasiun Pengisian Kendaraan Listrik Umum (Spklu) Menggunakan Metode Mixed Integer Linear Programming di Kota Bogor. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pemerintah Indonesia menargetkan pencapaian net zero emission pada tahun 2060, salah satunya melalui percepatan program Kendaraan Bermotor Listrik Berbasis Baterai (KBLBB) pada sektor transportasi. Namun, implementasi untuk mendorong adopsi kendaraan listrik masih menghadapi berbagai tantangan, khususnya terkait ketersediaan dan pemerataan infrastruktur Stasiun Pengisian Kendaraan Listrik Umum (SPKLU). Saat ini terdapat tujuh SPKLU milik PLN yang tersebar di wilayah Bogor Tengah dan Bogor Utara, ditambah beberapa SPKLU milik pihak swasta serta titik pengisian khusus untuk merek kendaraan tertentu. Pada beberapa lokasi SPKLU dengan fasilitas ultrafast charging masih terjadi penumpukan antrean pengisian, yang mengindikasikan adanya ketimpangan distribusi SPKLU dan berpotensi menghambat pemenuhan kebutuhan pengisian kendaraan listrik secara optimal. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan lokasi dan konfigurasi SPKLU yang optimal di wilayah Kota Bogor guna memenuhi permintaan pengisian kendaraan listrik secara efisien. Penelitian difokuskan pada penentuan jumlah konektor dan jenis pengisian yang sesuai pada setiap lokasi kandidat SPKLU yang direncanakan di kantor kecamatan se-Kota Bogor. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) dengan mempertimbangkan besaran permintaan tiap wilayah, jarak antara titik permintaan dan lokasi kandidat SPKLU, keterbatasan anggaran investasi, serta alokasi pelayanan SPKLU terhadap kebutuhan pengisian kendaraan listrik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model MILP yang dikembangkan merekomendasikan pembangunan SPKLU baru di wilayah yang belum memiliki SPKLU, dengan total sembilan konektor ultrafast, yang dikonfigurasikan tiga konektor di Bogor Barat dan masing-masing dua konektor di Bogor Selatan, Bogor Timur, serta Tanah Sareal. Total biaya investasi SPKLU yang diusulkan sebesar Rp9.751.500.000, dengan total biaya perjalanan harian pengguna sebesar Rp243.189. Analisis sensitivitas menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan permintaan kendaraan listrik yang tidak proporsional antar kecamatan menghasilkan respons jaringan SPKLU yang berbeda. Skenario pertumbuhan permintaan yang dipengaruhi oleh arus pergerakan memiliki dampak yang lebih signifikan terhadap kinerja layanan dibandingkan pertumbuhan berbasis hunian. Oleh karena itu, keputusan pengembangan SPKLU perlu mempertimbangkan tidak hanya efisiensi biaya, tetapi juga aspek teknis dan karakteristik spasial lokasi.
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The Government of Indonesia has set a target to achieve net zero emissions by 2060, one of which is pursued through the acceleration of Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) adoption in the transportation sector. However, the implementation of electric vehicle deployment still faces several challenges, particularly related to the availability and spatial equity of Electric Vehicle Charging Station (EVCS) infrastructure. Currently, there are seven PLN-operated EVCSs located in Central and North Bogor, in addition to several privately operated stations and brand-specific charging facilities. At certain EVCS locations equipped with ultrafast charging, congestion and charging queues have been observed, indicating an imbalance in the spatial distribution of EVCSs that may hinder the optimal fulfillment of electric vehicle charging demand. In response to these challenges, this study aims to determine the optimal locations and configurations of EVCSs in the City of Bogor to efficiently meet electric vehicle charging demand. The study focuses on identifying the appropriate number of connectors and charging types at each candidate EVCS location, which are planned to be located at sub-district offices across the City of Bogor. A Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) approach is employed, incorporating regional charging demand, travel distance from demand points to candidate EVCS locations, investment budget constraints, and service allocation of EVCSs to electric vehicle charging needs. The results indicate that the proposed MILP model recommends the development of new EVCSs in areas currently underserved by charging infrastructure, with a total of nine ultrafast connectors allocated as three connectors in West Bogor and two connectors each in South Bogor, East Bogor, and Tanah Sareal. The total proposed EVCS investment cost amounts to IDR 9,751,500,000, while the total daily travel cost incurred by users is IDR 243,189. Sensitivity analysis reveals that disproportionate increases in electric vehicle demand across sub-districts lead to varying responses in EVCS network performance. Demand growth driven by mobility and traffic flow patterns has a more pronounced impact on service performance than residential-based growth. Therefore, EVCS development decisions should consider not only cost efficiency but also technical aspects and spatial characteristics of the locations.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Mixed Integer Linear Programming, Kendaraan Listrik, Optimasi, Stasiun Pengisian Kendaraan Listrik Umum Mixed Integer Linear Programming, Optimization, Electric Vehicle, Public Electric Vehicle Charging Stations
Subjects:	T Technology > T Technology (General) > T57.74 Linear programming
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology > Industrial Engineering > 26101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Firdaus Fitri Nurul
Date Deposited:	28 Jan 2026 03:47
Last Modified:	28 Jan 2026 03:47
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/130755

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