Modified ZnO-MFs/CuO/rGO Composites for Enhanced Photocatalytic Efficiency In Methylene Blue Degradation and CO2 Conversion

Widiwijaya, Yanuar (2026) Modified ZnO-MFs/CuO/rGO Composites for Enhanced Photocatalytic Efficiency In Methylene Blue Degradation and CO2 Conversion. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Masalah global terkait perubahan iklim dan polusi air yang disebabkan oleh emisi CO2 berlebihan dan limbah pewarna memerlukan teknologi remediasi berkelanjutan. Fotokatalisis berbasis semikonduktor solusi yang menjanjikan untuk mendegradasi polutan organik dan mengubah CO2 menjadi produk bernilai tambah dengan iradiasi cahaya. Studi ini melaporkan sintesis dan evaluasi kinerja komposit terner ZnO Mikroflower (ZnO-MFs)/Tembaga Oksida (CuO)/Graphene Oksida tereduksi (rGO) yang dimodifikasi untuk aplikasi fotokatalitik ganda: degradasi metilen biru (MB) dan konversi CO2. ZnO dengan morfologi berbeda dibuat dengan mengontrol penambahan natrium sitrat selama sintesis hidrotermal, sedangkan CuO disiapkan melalui ko-presipitasi, dan rGO diperoleh menggunakan rute modified Hummer diikuti dengan reduksi in-situ selama pembentukan komposit. Material dikarakterisasi menggunakan Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Zeta Potensial, Particle Size Distribution (PSD), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Raman, Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), dan Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GCMS) menunjukkan natrium sitrat berhasil membuat morfologi ZnO menjadi irregular, urchin-like, dan flower-like. Uji degradasi pewarna menunjukkan CuO dominan untuk menyerap dalam kondisi gelap (24.8%) sedangkan kemampuan degradasi dari Z0, Z1, Z2, CA, CB, CC masing-masing 89.1, 92.7, 89.4, 83.1, 88.8, dan 89.9%. Uji siklus CC stabil hingga siklus ketiga, tetapi pada Z2 menurun cukup signifikan akibat fotokorosi. Tingkat konversi pada uji reduksi CO2 oleh CuO, Z0, Z1, Z2, CA, CB, CC masing-masing 39, 17, 30, 22, 0, 38, dan 33%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ZnO dengan morfologi urchin-like menghasilkan performa fotokatalitik tertinggi dikarenakan jalur transportasi muatan 1D efisien, sedangkan komposit dengan rasio ZnO-MFs/CuO optimal (3:1) cocok untuk CO2 conversion dan rasio (5:1) cocok untuk degradasi pewarna.
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Global issues related to climate change and water pollution caused by excessive CO2 emissions and dye wastewater require sustainable remediation technologies. Semiconductor-based photocatalysis is a promising solution for degrading organic pollutants and converting CO2 into value-added products under light irradiation. This study reports the synthesis and performance evaluation of modified ternary composites of ZnO Microflowers (ZnO-MFs)/Copper Oxide (CuO)/reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) for dual photocatalytic applications: Methylene Blue (MB) degradation and CO2 conversion. ZnO with different morphologies was fabricated by controlling the addition of sodium citrate during the hydrothermal synthesis, while CuO was prepared via a co-precipitation method, and rGO was obtained using a modified Hummers route followed by in-situ reduction during composite formation. The materials were characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Zeta Potential, Particle Size Distribution (PSD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman Spectroscopy, Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) showed that sodium citrate successfully tuned the ZnO morphology into irregular, urchin-like, and flower-like structures. Dye degradation tests revealed that CuO predominantly exhibited adsorption in dark conditions (24.8%), while the degradation efficiencies of Z0, Z1, Z2, CA, CB, CC were 89.1, 92.7, 89.4, 83.1, 88.8, and 89.9%, respectively. The recyclability test showed that CC remained stable up to third cycle, whereas Z2 experienced a significant decline due to photocorrosion. In CO2 reduction tests, the conversion rates achieved by CuO, Z0, Z1, Z2, CA, CB, CC were 39, 17, 30, 22, 0, 38, and 33%, respectively. In conclusion, ZnO with an urchin-like morphology exhibits the highest photocatalytic performance due to efficient 1D charge transport pathways, while composites with an optimal ZnO-MFs/CuO ratio of 3:1 are more suitable for CO2 conversion and a ratio of 5:1 is more effective for dye degradation.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Fotokatalisis, Metilen Biru, ZnO-MFs/CuO/rGO, CO2, Methylene Blue, Photocatalysis
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD181.Z6 Zinc oxide Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD501 Catalysis. Catalysts. Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD716 Photocatalysis.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Material & Metallurgical Engineering > 27101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Yanuar Widiwijaya
Date Deposited:	28 Jan 2026 08:01
Last Modified:	28 Jan 2026 08:01
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/130822

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