Marlianti, Sella Yuniar (2026) Pengaruh Penggunaan Agregat Ringan Buatan (ALWA) Berbahan Clay dengan Bahan Tambah Abu Serat Kelapa dan Abu Sekam Padi pada Beton Ringan terhadap Kuat Tekan Beton. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Beton merupakan salah satu komponen pada konstruksi di Bidang Teknik Sipil. Beton merupakan campuran material agregat kasar, agregat halus, serta semen. Namun beton dengan campuran tersebut sangat tidak efektif untuk saat ini. Karena beban struktur yang diterima pada dirinya sendiri sangat besar terlebih material tersebut memiliki keterbatasan di alam, jika terjadi eksploitasi terus menerus dapat menyebabkan kerusakan lingkungan. Dari permasalahan tersebut perlu adanya inovasi salah satunya penggunaan ALWA (Artificial Lightweight Aggregat) untuk membentuk campuran beton ringan. Beton ringan berdasarkan (ACI 213R-79, 1979) yaitu suatu beton yang memiliki berat volume antara 1400-1850 kg/m3. Pada beton ringan memiliki campuran yang sama dengan beton normal, namun pada komposisi agregat kasar dilakukan inovasi dengan menggunakan bahan ALWA yaitu campuran antara clay dan bahan abu serat sabut kelapa. Penggunaan ALWA dengan campuran clay dan abu serat sabut kelapa pada komposisi pembuatan beton dapat mengurangi berat volume beban karena memiliki karakteristik yang ringan. Pengganti agregat kasar dengan ALWA memiliki komposisi clay powder dengan bahan pengikat air atau H2O, dengan diawali proses ekstruksi dan metode sintering dengan hasil berupa agregat berbentuk pellet dengan ukuran bervariasi antara 10mm hingga 20 mm. Benda uji yang digunakan pada penelitian ini, menggunakan silinder ukuran 200x400 mm untuk uji tekan dan kuat tarik. Dengan komposisi campuran clay dan abu serat sabut kelapa dalam beton sebesar 0%, 35%, 50%, dan 100%. Sedangkan komposisi campuran abu serat sabut kelapa dalam agregat ringan buatan masing masing 3%, dan 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan kadar ALWA secara umum menurunkan kuat tekan dan kuat lentur beton, seiring dengan penurunan berat volume. Pada umur 28 hari, beton kontrol mencapai kuat tekan tertinggi sebesar 35,38 MPa, sedangkan beton dengan substitusi ALWA 35% dan 50% masing-masing mencapai 23,02 MPa dan 24,19 MPa, yang masih mendekati mutu rencana. Substitusi penuh ALWA menghasilkan kuat tekan terendah sebesar 20,12 MPa namun dengan berat volume terendah. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa substitusi ALWA pada kadar menengah berpotensi menghasilkan beton ringan dengan keseimbangan antara kinerja mekanik dan reduksi berat sendiri, sehingga sesuai untuk aplikasi beton ringan struktural.
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Concrete is one of the main components in construction within the field of Civil Engineering. Concrete is a mixture of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and cement. However, concrete composed of these materials is considered less effective in current applications due to its relatively high self-weight. The self-weight of concrete contributes significantly to the total structural load, particularly in structural systems, and the extensive use of natural aggregates poses limitations due to their finite availability in nature. Continuous exploitation of natural aggregates may lead to environmental degradation. Based on these issues, innovation is required, one of which is the use of Artificial Lightweight Aggregate (ALWA) to produce lightweight concrete. According to ACI 213R-79 (1979), lightweight concrete is defined as concrete having a density ranging from 1400 to 1850 kg/m³. Lightweight concrete utilizes similar constituent materials as normal concrete; however, innovation is introduced in the coarse aggregate component by substituting it with ALWA. In this study, ALWA is produced from a mixture of clay and coconut fiber ash. The use of ALWA composed of clay and coconut fiber ash in concrete mixtures is expected to reduce the unit weight of concrete due to its lightweight characteristics. The replacement of natural coarse aggregate with ALWA involves a composition of clay powder combined with a water binder (H₂O), followed by an extrusion process and a sintering method, resulting in pellet-shaped aggregates with varying sizes ranging from 10 mm to 20 mm. The specimens used in this research consist of cylindrical samples with dimensions of 200 × 400 mm for compressive strength and splitting tensile strength tests. The substitution levels of ALWA in the concrete mixtures are 0%, 35%, 50%, and 100%. Meanwhile, the proportions of coconut fiber ash incorporated into the artificial lightweight aggregate are 3% and 5%. The results indicate that an increase in ALWA content generally leads to a reduction in both compressive strength and flexural strength of concrete, along with a decrease in unit weight. At the age of 28 days, the control concrete achieved the highest compressive strength of 35.38 MPa, while concrete with 35% and 50% ALWA substitution achieved compressive strengths of 23.02 MPa and 24.19 MPa, respectively, which remain close to the target strength. Full substitution with ALWA resulted in the lowest compressive strength of 20.12 MPa but also produced the lowest unit weight. These findings indicate that medium-level ALWA substitution has the potential to produce lightweight concrete with a balance between mechanical performance and self-weight reduction, making it suitable for structural lightweight concrete applications.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Agregat Artifisial, Agregat Ringan Buatan, ALWA, Beton Ringan, Clay, Abu Serat Sabut Kelapa, Abu Sekam Padi, Kuat Tekan, Kuat Tarik = Artificial Aggregate, Lightweight Aggregate, ALWA, Lightweight Concrete, Clay, Coconut Fiber Ash, Rice Husk Ash, Compressive Strength, Tensile |
| Subjects: | T Technology > T Technology (General) > TA404 Materials--Biodegradation T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA418.16 Materials--Testing. T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA439 Lightweight concrete. High strength concrete. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil, Environmental, and Geo Engineering > Civil Engineering > 22101-(S2) Master Theses |
| Depositing User: | Sella Yuniar Marlianti |
| Date Deposited: | 28 Jan 2026 02:18 |
| Last Modified: | 28 Jan 2026 02:18 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/130868 |
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